Transcript
Lighting Haiti’s Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Kenji Blouin-ItoColin Mickle
Michael SelepMentor: Jaber Belkhiria
The Problem:
No lighting in NICU during power outages.
Design a backup lighting solution thatmeets the normal lighting needs
(4 fluorescent tubes) of the NICU long enough to cover a typical power outage
Generator and grid power logged at a site in Haiti, note the daily peaks in demand and the nightly baseline load.Source: USAID Powering Health
What Our Client Asked For
“Safety and sustainability.It works, it’s dependable, and it won’t hurt anyone.”
-Dr. Tony Phillips
The Four Lenses of Sustainability
● Technical: Reliable, all foreseeable service and replacements locally available
● Social: Safe, decision make locally
● Economic: Flexible options, low operating costs.
● Environmental: Potential for self-sufficiency.
Our First Presentation
Whole-Building Islanding Diesel Generator (Baseline)
Distributed Energy Storage
Test
ing
Did Somebody Say “Evaluative Matrix?”
WeightBattery Bank
Battery Bank + Solar Array
Acella Emergency Lightbulb
Lithonia ELM2 LED M12
LuminAid PackLite 16
Ideal Security SK638
Sun King Pro 2
Sun King Pro 2 w/ Accessories
Smart Light
Solar Suitcase
Interruption 0.9 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Duration of Charge 0.2 3 3 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 3
Independence (Emergency) 0.1 0 3 0 0 2 0 3 3 2 3
Light Intensity 0.7 3 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2
Light Aesthetics 0.4 3 3 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 3
User Experience 0.7 2 2 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 2
Reliability & Durability 1 3 3 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 2
Lifespan 0.6 3 3 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 3
Environmental (Battery) 0.3 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2
TOTAL 13.1 13.4 5.1 12.1 5.3 9.1 11.3 11.6 7.2 9
Out of Max 89.12% 91.16% 34.69% 82.31% 36.05% 61.90% 76.87% 78.91% 48.98% 61.22%
Units to min output 48 V, 660 Ah
8.7 kW for Self-Sufficiency 4 4 14 5 4 3 24 1
Unit Cost$4-5/Watt installed 40 60 25 50 50 180 12 1545
Cost 4700 17660 160 240 350 250 200 540 288 1545
Existing Equipment at the Hospital
Source: USAID Powering Health
200 A double Throw 3 P
2/0
cab
le
42 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
200 A Circuit Breaker
Ground floor loads
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
# 2
cab
le
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
A/C loads
ED’H or800 KVA Allstrom Generator
4/0 Quadruplex cableFirst Floor Loads
AC
250 kVA Generator
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ributi
on P
anel
80 kAVC A SDMOGenerator
200 A Circuit Breaker
100 A Circuit Breaker
80 A Circuit Breaker
Neonatology loads
# 2 cable
1/0 cable
# 2 cable
225A ATSA/C
A/CAutoclave
14.4 kW OutBackInverter system
LC6
LC4 LC5
42 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC1
16 Rolls Batteries banc 48VDC/ 800 AH
LC2
SOP and Labor room
4.0 kW Xantrex Inverter
12 Circuits Distribution Panel
LC7
8 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC3
Flexware
LC8
Ground floor loads
ED’H or800 KVA Allstrom Generator
4/0 Quadruplex cableFirst Floor Loads
200 A double Throw 3 P
2/0
cab
le
42 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
200 A Circuit Breaker
Ground floor loads
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
# 2
cab
le
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
A/C loads
AC
250 kVA Generator
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ributi
on P
anel
80 kAVC A SDMOGenerator
200 A Circuit Breaker
100 A Circuit Breaker
80 A Circuit Breaker
Neonatology loads
# 2 cable
1/0 cable
# 2 cable
225A ATSA/C
A/CAutoclave
14.4 kW OutBackInverter system
LC6
LC4 LC5
42 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC1
16 Rolls Batteries banc 48VDC/ 800 AH
LC2
SOP and Labor room
4.0 kW Xantrex Inverter
12 Circuits Distribution Panel
LC7
8 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC3
Flexware
LC8
Ground floor loads
ED’H or800 KVA Allstrom Generator
4/0 Quadruplex cableFirst Floor Loads
200 A double Throw 3 P
2/0
cab
le
42 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
200 A Circuit Breaker
Ground floor loads
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
# 2
cab
le
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
A/C loads
AC
250 kVA Generator
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ributi
on P
anel
80 kAVC A SDMOGenerator
200 A Circuit Breaker
100 A Circuit Breaker
80 A Circuit Breaker
Neonatology loads
# 2 cable
1/0 cable
# 2 cable
225A ATSA/C
A/CAutoclave
14.4 kW OutBackInverter system
LC6
LC4 LC5
42 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC1
16 Rolls Batteries banc 48VDC/ 800 AH
LC2
SOP and Labor room
4.0 kW Xantrex Inverter
12 Circuits Distribution Panel
LC7
8 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC3
Flexware
LC8
Ground floor loads
X
ED’H or800 KVA Allstrom Generator
4/0 Quadruplex cableFirst Floor Loads
200 A double Throw 3 P
2/0
cab
le
42 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
200 A Circuit Breaker
Ground floor loads
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
# 2
cab
le
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
A/C loads
AC
250 kVA Generator
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ributi
on P
anel
80 kAVC A SDMOGenerator
200 A Circuit Breaker
100 A Circuit Breaker
80 A Circuit Breaker
Neonatology loads
# 2 cable
1/0 cable
# 2 cable
225A ATSA/C
A/CAutoclave
14.4 kW OutBackInverter system
LC6
LC4 LC5
42 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC1
16 Rolls Batteries banc 48VDC/ 800 AH
LC2
SOP and Labor room
4.0 kW Xantrex Inverter
12 Circuits Distribution Panel
LC7
8 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC3
Flexware
LC8
Ground floor loads
X
X
ED’H or800 KVA Allstrom Generator
4/0 Quadruplex cableFirst Floor Loads
200 A double Throw 3 P
2/0
cab
le
42 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
200 A Circuit Breaker
Ground floor loads
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
# 2
cab
le
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
A/C loads
AC
250 kVA Generator
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ributi
on P
anel
80 kAVC A SDMOGenerator
200 A Circuit Breaker
100 A Circuit Breaker
80 A Circuit Breaker
Neonatology loads
# 2 cable
1/0 cable
# 2 cable
225A ATSA/C
A/CAutoclave
14.4 kW OutBackInverter system
LC6
LC4 LC5
42 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC1
16 Rolls Batteries banc 48VDC/ 800 AH
LC2
SOP and Labor room
4.0 kW Xantrex Inverter
12 Circuits Distribution Panel
LC7
8 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC3
Flexware
LC8
Ground floor loads
X
X?
ED’H or800 KVA Allstrom Generator
4/0 Quadruplex cableFirst Floor Loads
200 A double Throw 3 P
2/0
cab
le
42 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
200 A Circuit Breaker
Ground floor loads
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
# 2
cab
le
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ribut
ion
Pane
l
A/C loads
AC
250 kVA Generator
30 c
ircui
ts,
Dist
ributi
on P
anel
80 kAVC A SDMOGenerator
200 A Circuit Breaker
100 A Circuit Breaker
80 A Circuit Breaker
Neonatology loads
# 2 cable
1/0 cable
# 2 cable
225A ATSA/C
A/CAutoclave
14.4 kW OutBackInverter system
LC6
LC4 LC5
42 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC1
16 Rolls Batteries banc 48VDC/ 800 AH
LC2
SOP and Labor room
4.0 kW Xantrex Inverter
12 Circuits Distribution Panel
LC7
8 circuits, Distribution Panel
LC3
Flexware
LC8
Ground floor loads
X
X
X?
Solutions
101001000100001000000.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%Battery Bank
Battery Bank & So-lar Array
Acella
Emergency Bal-lasts
LuminAid
Ideal Security Lights Out
Sun King Pro 2
Sun King Kits
Smart Light
Solar Suitcase
Cost to provide ≥660 lumens of ambient light (USD)
Qu
ali
ty S
co
re
Our Pitch
Solution 1: Send over emergency ballasts for the existing fluorescent light tubes in the NICU. This option should be considered first and included with any alternate solutions. Cost: $60 per light fixture, $240 total, 7 year lifespan.
Emergency Ballast
Our Pitch
Solution 1: Send over emergency ballasts for the existing fluorescent light tubes in the NICU. This option should be considered first and included with any alternate solutions. Cost: $60 per light fixture, $240 total, 7 year lifespan.
Solution 2: Install a bank of deep-cycle batteries for the existing inverter system, to be charged by the grid and provide uninterrupted power to the NICU. USAID has already trained technicians at HUEH to install and maintain flooded lead acid battery banks. Cost: $4700 for 24 hr of autonomy, 7 year lifespan.
Deep Cycle Battery Bank
Our Pitch
Solution 1: Send over emergency ballasts for the existing fluorescent light tubes in the NICU. This option should be considered first and included with any alternate solutions. Cost: $60 per light fixture, $240 total, 7 year lifespan.
Solution 2: Install a bank of deep-cycle batteries for the existing inverter system, to be charged by the grid and provide uninterrupted power to the NICU. USAID has already trained technicians at HUEH to install and maintain flooded lead acid battery banks. Cost: $4700 for 24 hr of autonomy, 7 year lifespan.
Solution 3: Send over a small disaster lighting kit powered by the Sun King Pro 2, which can provide ambient light and charge headlamps and task lighting. $145 per kit for our initial design, $435 total, 5 year lifespan.
Disaster Lighting Kit
Client Approval
Does this project need to move to D-LAB II ?
● Fundraising for the battery bank already in progress.
● Disaster lighting kit would only be helpful for other health facilities (not necessary)
Nah.
What We Learned● Make no assumptions, take nothing for granted.● No one will have all the answers, so talk to as many
people as possible● Try to make contact with as many stakeholders as you
can, everyone has unique information that could be useful to you.
Research Assistance
Questions?
What About the Solar Suitcase?
1 Sun King Pro 2 12x Sun King Pro 2 +2x USB Headlamps
1 Solar Suitcase
Cost $45 $720 $1545
Solar 3.3 W 40 W 20 W
Battery 10 Wh LFP 140 Wh LFP 122 Wh SLA
Light 6hr at 165 lumens, CRI 67 20hr at 660 lumens, CRI 67 20 hr at <660 lumens, CRI 85
Lifespan 5 yr, IP64 Rating 5 yr, IP64 Rating 2-3 yr “with proper use”
What About the Solar Suitcase?
1 Sherpa 100 Solar Kit 1 Solar Suitcase
Cost $600 $1545
Solar 20 W 20 W
Battery 100 Wh Li-NMC 122 Wh SLA
Longevity 5 yr 2-3 yr “with proper use”
The Ward
The Neighborhood
Hôpital de l’Université d’Etat d’Haiti | University Hospital of Haiti
Neonatal Unit | 2nd Floor Maternity Ward
Our Client’s Requirements➔ It works➔ It’s dependable➔ It can’t hurt anyone
Ideal solution: Fix everything.
Realistic Solution: Give the NICU dependable backup lighting for Haiti’s daily outages.
Deliverable: “Small, Smaller, and Smallest”
A portfolio of three to four options, ranging from small-scale to even smaller-scale
Option A $ Out of Dr Phillips’ Pocket
Option B $$$ General Fundraising
Option C $$$$$ Gates Foundation Grant
Diesel Generator (Baseline)
➔Minimal, common, can replace the entire system with local stock.
➔Requires a fuel stockpile, manual start
Distributed Energy Storage
➔Zero installation, modular➔May be less straightforward to use
Central Energy Storage➔ Higher efficiency, convenient➔ Can’t install a one-off design
remotely, need a contractor
Whole-Building Islanding
➔ Seamless transition from on- to off-grid➔ Requires expensive, specialized equipment➔ Haiti’s grid doesn’t support energy buy-back
Evaluating our options?
➔Four lenses of sustainability
➔Technical➔Environmental➔Economic➔Social
Gaps in our Knowledge➔ Typical outage duration and frequency
at the hospital➔ Maximum power outage duration➔ Exact usage pattern➔ Local availability of parts➔ Local availability of tech support➔ Budget options
Sector Papers
1)Haiti’s Electrical Grid2)Small-Scale Off-Grid Systems3)Lighting Requirements and Solutions
Expected Timeline
Thank you!Questions?
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