Fever - ACES

Ditch the Reliever, Bring on the Fever

Duration of sickness behaviour will be significantly different with no aspirin

treatment versus aspirin treatment in male rats

Alisha Jiwani, Dorcas Kwan, Amanda Li, Joy Santiago

OutlineIntroduction

What’s the deal with fever and sickness behaviour?

Hypotheses

MethodExperimental PhasesData Analysis

Limitations

Conclusion Implications Applications

Fever

Elevated temperature above the normal range

1800s Anti-pyretics

Fever therapy

What’s the deal with fever and sickness behaviour?

Julius Wagner-Jauregg

“Fever Phobia”

“Fever had become a harmful by-product of infection rather than a host-defense response, probably due to the misconstruction of the relief felt after the use of anti-pyretics, which are often analgesics as well.”

Transformation

Sickness Behaviour

Sickness BehaviourFatigueLoss of appetite Inability to concentrateLoss of interest in social

activity

Adaptive strategyReset priorities

What has been done so far…

Quantitative relationship between cytokine levels of non-specific sickness behaviour symptoms

More research on sickness behaviour

Effect of anti-pyretics in duration of sickness behaviour

Is recovery faster when fever is not suppressed?

We hypothesize…Alternative Hypothesis (H1):There will be a significant difference

in duration of sickness behaviour when antipyretics are administered.

Null Hypothesis (H0):There will be no significant difference

in duration of sickness behaviour when antipyretics are administered.

Method

Albino Wistar Rats

60 Adult male albino rats

200-250 g

Decreased appetite

Decreased activity levels

Increased sleeping time

Groups

Experimental Phases

Phase 1Weeks 1 and 2

Temperature Telemetry Transmitter (TTT) transplant

Recovery (week 1)

Acclimation to device (week 2)

Phase 2Week 3

Measure baselines:

TemperatureFood ConsumptionMotor ActivitySleeping

Behaviour

Phase 3Experimental Day – Induce Fever

Inject Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for both Aspirin and Non-Aspirin groups

Phase 4Experimental Day – Induce

Treatment

Aspirin group Inject Aspirin at 6-hour

peak of LPS effectWait 2 hours for peak of

Aspirin’s anti-pyretic effect

Non-Aspirin group Inject tragacanth at 6-

hour peak of LPS effect,Wait 2 hours

Phase 5Experimental Day – Data collection

Temperatures

Feeding behaviour (How much food eaten?)

Exploration behaviour (How much activity?)

Sleeping behaviour (How much sleep?)

** each experiment will span over 4 days

Food Consumption

At 24 hr intervals

Remaining food measured on triple beam balance

Food ConsumptionEXPECTED

RESULTS: After fever induction,

initial decrease in appetite for both groups

Animals in Non-Aspirin group will have appetites restored sooner than animals in Aspirin group

Motor ActivityOpen Field Test

Field is separated into 16 boxes, marked by horizontal and vertical blue lines

Camera-based computer tracking system and video camcorder

Total Motor Activity = Line Crossing + Rearing

Motor Activity

EXPECTED RESULTS:The Non-aspirin group

will resume activity sooner over the four days that the Aspirin group

Sleeping Behaviour

Measure duration of sleep in percentage

Measure by camera recording

Sleeping Behaviour

EXPECTED RESULTS: Compared with

baseline: An increase in sleep duration after the LPS injection

Duration of sickness behaviour: the rats with Aspirin injection will experience a longer duration of sickness behaviour

Aspirin

Non-Aspirin

Data Analysis Dependent Paired T-test

Independent variables: Rats with Aspirin vs. Rats with tragacanth

Dependent variables for each experiment: Experiment 1: Remaining food after 24 h (g) Experiment 2: Motor activity calculated Experiment 3: Sleep duration (%)

For each experiment, the dependent variables will be:  i. Comparing the baseline level with the performance after

LPS injection ii. Comparing the difference between the 2 groups over the

four-days

Discussion

Limitations

Administration of LPS will always induce fever

Future implications and potential applications

But remember…Take with a grain of

salt

Fever can be fatalToo highFever persists

Appreciation of evolved physiological and psychological mechanisms

Thank you!Dr. Faure, Brandon &

class!

Questions?

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