February 27, 2014 Complete your stations from yesterday (you will have 10 minutes!) Then, make a list of everything you know about Islam.
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February 27, 2014
• Complete your stations from yesterday (you will have 10 minutes!)
• Then, make a list of everything you know about Islam.
1. The Arabian Peninsula
a. Bedouinsi. Nomadic Arab people
b. Limited Farming
c. Trading townsi. Mecca
1. Both a trading and religious center
2. Kaabaa. Ancient Building considered sacred
b. Holds what is believed to be a meteorite
2. Muhammad the Messenger
a. His Lifei. Born about 570 A.D.
ii. Married at the age of 25
iii. Judaism and Christianity influenced his thinking
iv. 610 A.D., had a dream in which he was commanded by an angel to speak messages, or revelations by God (Allah)
v. Would become both a prophet and political leader
b. Revelationsi. Allah was the one and only true and all-powerful
God
ii. Began preaching in public 3 years after his dream
iii. Criticized the belief in many gods
c. Sharing Revelationsi. 622- Muhammad move to Medina
1. His journey from Mecca to Medina would become known as the hejyruh or hijra
ii. Built up followers and their faith became known as Islam
1. Means “achieving peace through submission to God”
iii. Followers became known as Muslim
3. Basic Ideas of Islam
a. Followers would later write down Muhammad’s revelations
b. This would form the Qur’ani. Sacred text of Islam
c. 5 pillars of Islami. Profession of faith
1. “There is no god but God (Allah) and Muhammad is the messenger of God”
2. Signals acceptance of the faith
3. Denies existence of gods and goddesses
4. Affirms that Muhammad was a man not a deity
ii. Performance of five daily prayers1. Worshipers always face Mecca when they pray
iii. Giving of alms, or charity, to the needy and poor2. Required to give certain amount of their income
to charity
iv. Required to fast3. Go without food or water from dawn to dusk
during the month of Ramadan
v. Journey to Mecca1. Only if you are financially and physically able
2. Journey called hajj
3. Gather and pray around the city’s mosquea. Building where Muslims worship
d. Guidelines for Behaviori. Qur’an provides guidelines for moral behavior
1. Forbidden to eat pork or drink alcoholic beverages
2. Must wash themselves before praying to be pure before God
3. Prohibits murder, lying and stealing
ii. Jihad1. Has several meanings
a. Can be translated to mean “Struggle for the Faith”
b. Struggle to defend the Muslim community
c. Has also been translated as “holy war”
e. The Summa and Shariai. Summa
1. Means “tradition”
2. Provides guidance in many areasa. Personal relationships
b. Business dealings
c. Religious practice
ii. Sharia Law1. Part of the Muslim legal system
2. Outlines methods of reasoning and arguing legal cases
f. The People of the Booki. Islam is monotheistic, like Judaism and
Christianity
ii. Teach that Allah is the same God in Jewish and Christian traditions
iii. Muhammad saw Abraham, Moses and Jesus as messengers from God, but he was the last prophet
iv. See the sacred text from Judaism and Christianity as coming from Allah but Qur’an has the greatest authority
v. Told to respect Jews and Christianity as “people of the book”
4. Division in Islam
a. Sunnisi. Followers of Mu’awiya
ii. Name means “followers of Summa” or “way of the prophet”
b. Shiai. Formed by those who did not support Mu’awiya
ii. Followed Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali
iii. Believed God had blessed Ali’s descendents because they were Muhammad’s true heirs
iv. Call each of Ali’s successors Iman
Slavery- slavery common in Muslim lands (from non-Muslim regions)- required slaves to be treated fairly- slaves could buy their own freedom
Muslim Society
Form and Function of a Mosque
• Response Groups– Groups of 4– One presenter per question– Each person will be the presenter once
Religions Graphic Organizer
• Take out your religions graphic organizer (should be in Unit 1 section)
• Complete the graphic organizer for Islam (the last column)
February 28, 2014
1. On your web-enabled device, go to m.socrative.com
2. Enter room 779513.
3. Answer the questions! (You may use your notebook to help you).
** If you do not have a smart phone, please take a quarter-sheet from the front of the room.
Please turn in your HW from last night (religions graphic organizer)
1. What are they and why did the happen?
a. What is a crusade?i. It is a series of religious wars launched by
European Christians
b. Why did they happen?i. European Christians’ goal was to take back
Jerusalem and the area around it called the Holy Land
1. It was under the control of the Muslims
ii. Jerusalem and the area around it, were considered holy to Christians, Jews and Muslims
2. Launching the Crusades
a. Council of Clermonti. Called by Pope Urban II
ii. Purpose of the meeting was to address the Byzantine emperor’s request for help against the Turks
iii. Urban called on all Christian warriors to put aside their differences and fight against the Turks
3. Fighting the Crusades
a. The First Crusadei. Set out in 1096
ii. Made up of two groups1. The Peasants
a. Were unskilled
b. While they were passing through Germany some attacked Jewish communities
c. Those who made it to Jerusalem quickly fell to the Seljuk Turks
2. Trained Knightsa. Were unprepared for the hardships of their journey
i. Will resort to looting towns and farms to get supplies when food and water ran low
b. Took 3 years to reach the Holy Land
c. Recaptured Jerusalem
d. Created 4 states in the Holy Landi. Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch, and Tripoli were the
capitals of these four states
ii. They were intended to be Christian strongholds
b. Second Crusadei. 1144, Muslims recaptured Edessa
ii. European leaders will call for a second crusade in response to this
iii. It was a failure
ii. Loss of Jerusalem starts the Third Crusade1. Known as the Kings
Crusade
2. Richard the Lion-hearted was the only king to fight in the Holy Land
a. Had respect for Saladin
b. He won several battles against the Muslims; was unable to drive them out of the Holy Land or retake Jerusalem
d. Fourth and later Crusadesi. Fourth Crusade began in 1201
1. Crusaders could not pay the Venetians for transport
2. Agreed to attack the city of Zara, which had once belong to the Venetians, as payment
a. The city was held by the Christian king of Hungary
3. Pope will excommunicate the crusaders for their actions
4. Crusaders will continue to the Holy Land; on the way the attack Constantinople
5. Disorganization and a lack of strong leadership made the Fourth Crusade a failure
ii. There were five more crusades that followed after the Fourth, none were successful
iii. By 1291, Muslims had driven the Christians out of the Holy Land
4. Effects of the Crusades
a. Economic Changesi. The Crusaders enhanced existing trade
ii. Increase in trade added to the changing European economy of the Middle Ages
c. Social Changesi. Brought knowledge of Muslim culture to Europe
ii. Christians who participated in crusades came to respect other cultures; those who did not became more intolerant
iii. Many Europeans began to view all non-Christians as enemies
March 5, 2014
1. On your web-enabled device, go to m.socrative.com
2. Enter room 779513.
3. Answer the questions! (You may use your notebook to help you).
** If you do not have a smart phone, please take a quarter-sheet from the front of the room.
1. Growth of Towns
a. Italian Trade Citiesi. First of medieval Europeans to build a thriving trade
economy
ii. Venice was the most important of the early trade cities
1. Protected by powerful warships
2. Traded with both the Byzantine empire and Muslim lands
3. Goods were very expensive and very profitable
iii. Italians will control almost all trade in southern Europe
b. Hanseatic Leaguei. A group of northern German cities that worked
together to promote and protect trade
ii. Controlled most of the trade between Europe, Russia and the Baltic region
c. Trade Fairs and Marketsi. Trade fairs
1. Place where buyers and sellers would meet
2. Held in towns and drew in large crowds
3. Merchants offered a great variety of goods: fabrics, spices, trained animals…etc.
4. Held once a year at a specific location
ii. For everyday needs people went to local markets
d. Money and Crediti. Cities will begin minting their own coins
1. Will be used as payment
2. Also used to pay taxes to the lord
ii. Some would allow customers to buy goods on credit
1. The promise of later payment
2. Customers would sign a document stating when and how payment was made
iii. Money and credit would lead to the creation of Europe’s first banks1. People could deposit money for safe keeping or
request loans
2. Most money lenders were Jewisha. Religious laws prevented Christians from charging
interest on loans
2. Growth of Towns and Cities
a. New Technologiesi. Heavy plow
1. Increased the amount of crops people could grow on their land
iii. Improvements meant that fewer people were needed to work on farms
iv. More people will move to the cities and try to build a life for themselves
b. Free townsi. Most medieval towns were run by local lords
would charge taxes and fees that they wished
ii. Merchants appealed to kings for special charters for new towns
1. Allowed merchants to run towns anyway they wanted
2. Paid taxes to the king in exchange
c. Guildsi. Developed out of the craftspeople need to
organize themselves
ii. Created trade organizations called guilds1. All members of a guild had the same occupation
2. One of the primary functions was to restrict competition
3. Members would set standards and prices for their products
iii. Guilds also trained children in their craft1. Apprentice
a. A child learning a craft
b. Spent several years working with a master craftsperson, learning the basic skills of the craft
c. Most also lived in their master’s house
2. Journeyman1. After learning the basic
skills an apprentice would become a journeyman
2. Some would travel from workshop to workshop learning from different masters
3. Very difficult to become masters due to some guilds restrictions
1. Visual Arts
a. Gothic architecturei. Greatest examples of religious feelings were
found in churches
ii. Built in the Gothic style1. Churches were taller and brighter than earlier
churches
iii. Advances in engineering1. Flying Buttress
a. Most important advance
b. New type of support
c. Supported church was from outsidei. Allowed for higher ceilings
ii. Will give church a more airy feeling
d. Allowed for larger windowsi. Churches hire artists to create stain glass windows
ii. Showed scenes from the Bible or depicted lives of the saints
iv. Churches were decorated inside and out1. Exterior
a. Had statues of saints, kings and figures of the old testament
b. Gargoylesi. Craved in the likeness
of hideous beasts and served as water spouts to drain water from the roof
2. Interiorsa. Number of decorative elements
i. Murals were used to depict religious scenes
ii. Candleholders, crosses and statues were decorated with gold and precious stones
b. Illuminationi. Process of decorating
manuscripts with pictures and designs
1. One common technique was to decorate the first letter on the page
c. Tapestryi. Large woven hangings
ii. Hung in castles to prevent drafts
iii. Showed scenes of daily life or fantastic creatures like dragons or unicorns
2. Literature
a. Religious Textsi. Create all sorts of
works, from sermons about how people should live to interpretations of passages from the Bible
ii. Hildegard of Bingen1. A nun and medieval poet
2. Wrote dozens of poems and music to accompany them
3. Wrote in Latin
b. Epics and Romancesi. Long poems that tell stories of heroes and
villains
ii. Works differ in their subject matter
iii. Often performed by wandering singers called troubadours
iv. These poems were written in the vernacular (common language)
c. Major Worksi. Geoffrey Chaucer
1. He wrote the Canterbury Tales
a. Characters come from a wide rage of social backgrounds
b. His descriptions help historians know what life was like for people during the middle ages
c. Wrote in English and help spread the language in England
ii. Dante Alighieri1. He wrote The Devine
Comedya. Book is composed of
three parts: Inferno, Purgatory, and Paradise
b. Tells the story of the magical trip he made through the afterlife
c. The poet Virgil acts as his guide for part of the trip
d. His writing led to the increase of Italian
3. Thinking and Learning
a. Alchemyi. People began to conduct experiments
ii. Practiced an early form of chemistry called alchemy
iii. Gained practical experience in chemical reactions
b. Universitiesi. Helped increase the flow of Greek learning into
Europe
ii. Liberal arts1. Study of Latin grammar, rhetoric, logic, geometry,
arithmetic, astronomy and music
iii. Also taught theology, medicine and law
c. Thomas Aquinasi. Taught at the University
of Paris
ii. Argued that both reason and faith were necessary for understanding truth
iii. His approach was called Scholasticism
1. Tried to show that Christian teachings were also knowable and provable through the use of logic
March 6, 2014
1. On your web-enabled device, go to m.socrative.com
2. Enter room 779513.
3. Answer the questions! (You may use your notebook to help you).
** If you do not have a smart phone, please take a quarter-sheet from the front of the room.
1. Religious Crisis
a. Heresyi. Beliefs opposing the official teachings of the
Church1. Many were de-emphasizing the role of the clergy and
the sacraments
ii. The Church tried several methods to stamp this out1. Inquisitions
a. Primary method
b. Legal procedures supervised by special judges who tried heretics
2. Christian educationa. New religious orders were formed to spread Christian
teaching
b. Members were called friarsi. Took vows of poverty and obedience
ii. Lived among the people
3. War
b. Papacy Disputei. 1309, the pope was
forced to leave Rome and he went to Avignon, France
ii. Pope Gregory XI1. After70 years of the
papacy being in France, he moved it back to Rome
2. He will die a year later
iii. Two men will claim papal power1. One was in Rome and the other was in Avignon
iv. Conflict lasted 40 years
2. Wars and Conflict
a. Hundred Years’ Wari. Cause
1. The king of France will die without an heir in 1328
2. Two men will claim the right to rulea. His nephew King Edward III of England
b. The dead king’s regent
3. The French selected the regent and crowned him King Philip VI of France
4. This decision sparks the war
ii. The War1. Edward and the English army were winning
battle after battle due to superior weapon technology….like the longbow and cannon
2. 1429- The war changed
a. Joan of Arci. Claimed that the saints
had told her to lead the French into battle
ii. Will defeat the English at the battle of Orleans
iii. Will be captured, tried and executed by the English
b. The War of the Rosesi. Causes
1. Two families in England will fight for the thronea. The Lancasters- emblem was the red rose
b. The Yorks- emblem was the white rose
ii. The War1. Edward IV will take the throne in 1461, he is a
York
2. His brother will become king after his death, he will be Richard III
3. Richard will be killed while trying to prevent a rebellion
4. Henry VIIa. From the Tudor family
in England
b. Related to both familiesi. Married to Edward IV’s
daughter
ii. Related to the Lancasters by blood
c. His rise ended the war
3. The Black Death
a. Originsi. Started in the East in 1346
ii. Carried by rats that had fleas, that came over on the boats from the east
iii. By 1351, almost all of Europe was touched by the Black Death
b. Course of the Diseasei. Disease was almost always fatal
ii. Symptoms1. Large dark splotches on the skin
2. High fever
3. Vomiting
4. Severe headaches
iii. Historians estimate that 25 million Europeans or 1/3 of Europe’s total population died during the Black Death
c. Effectsi. Most believed that God was punishing them for
their sins
ii. Some blamed the Jews and anti-Semitic feeling increased in Europe
iii. The manorial system ended
Trashketball
Rules:
- Teams are boys vs. girls
- Everyone must answer each question (displayed on the board) on your answer sheet. Your answer sheet will be graded.
- I will call on students at random. If your answer is correct, you will be able to shoot for 1, 2, or 3 points
- If there is any booing, your team will lose 1 point
- If anyone talks out of turn, your team will lose 1 point
Question 1.
Where can you find the statement, “there is no god but God [Allah], and Muhammad is the messenger of God”?
A – on the pilgrimage to Mecca
B – Torah
C – 10 Commandments
D – Five Pillars of Islam
Question 2.
Many Meccans didn’t like Muhammad because
A – he was a merchant
B – he married an older woman
C – they thought he was crazy
D – he criticized their polytheistic beliefs
Question 5.
What is the name of the Christian society that united most of western Europe?
A – Christendom
B – Roman Catholic Church
C – Orthodox Church
D – monasticism
Question 6.
Charlemagne helped the pope maintain his power in the papal states. What was in it for Charlemagne?
A – he was named King of England
B – he was guaranteed to go to heaven
C – he was named Holy Roman Emperor
D – he became the next pope
Question 9.
Why did the Vikings conduct raids?
A – they were Satan-worshippers
B – they wanted to convert to Christianity and needed icons to do so
C – they were hungry
D – they wanted to spread their religion
Question 11.
What’s another name for the plague that devastated Europe in the mid-1300s?
A – Viking Death Raids
B – Polio
C – Crusades
D – Black Death
Question 14.
Where could you find a flying buttress?
A – illuminated manuscript
B – gothic-style architecture
C – guild
D – tapestry
Password
• Boys vs. girls• One player from each team will come to the
front of the room• The people at the front of the room will look at
the password, then will say five one-word clues.• The opposing team can hear the words, but can
only guess when their teammate provides the clues
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