Enhancing Pixel Value Difference (PVD) Image Steganography by Using Mobile Phone Keypad (MPK) Coding

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Enhancing Pixel Value Difference (PVD) Image Steganography by Using Mobile Phone Keypad (MPK) Coding

Marwa E. Saleh marwa.emadeldeen@gmail.com Faculty of Computers and Information, Dept. of Computer Science Minia University Minia, Egypt

Abdelmgeid A. Aly abdelmgeid@yahoo.comFaculty of Science, Dept. of Computer Science Minia University Minia, Egypt

Fatma A. Omara f.omara@fci-cu.edu.eg Faculty of Computers and Information, Dept. of Computer Science Cairo University Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Keywords: ,,

1. INTRODUCTION

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Stego image

Secret message

Stego key Cover image

Extraction

Algorithm

Embedding

Algorithm

Secret message Stego key

FIGURE 1:

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2. RELATED WORK

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3. THE PROPOSED METHOD

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3.1 The PVD-MPK Method

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i i+1

2 5 9

3 1 1

4

5

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TABLE 1:

Example 1:

p i , p i+1

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p i p i+1 .

i p i , p i+1

3.2 The Embedding Algorithm

є

Low level

2 5 9

3 1 1

4

High level

5

TABLE 2:

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FIGURE 2:

Example 2

Example 3

i i

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3.3 The Extracting Algorithm

i i i+1|

b0= (di - li) + i mod 2.

4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Cover image 256*256

Capacity (bytes)

PSNR of method in [13]

PSNR of Proposed method

TABLE 3:

Cover image 512*512

Capacity (bytes)

PSNR of method in [14]

PSNR of Proposed method

TABLE 4:

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Cover Image 512x512

Capacity (bytes)

PSNR of OCTA (STAR) PVD[8]

PSNR of Proposed method

TABLE 5:

Cover Image 512x512

Capacity (bytes)

PSNR of method in [ ]

Capacity (bytes)

PSNR of Proposed method

TABLE 6: 7

5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

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6. REFERENCES

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