English grammar

ENGLISH GRAMMAR

PRESENT TENSE BE, DEMONSTRATIVES,

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES, CAN, PREPOSITIONS

PRESENT TENSE BE

The verb BE has got three forms: AM, IS, ARE, which we have to use according to the pronoun or subject.

TO BE

Occupations Nouns Adjectives Places

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

They are doctors. AREThey

We are friends. AREWe

It is a city. ISIt

She is my sister.ISShe

He is in the lab. ISHe

You are a student.AREYou

I am a teacher.AMI

ExampleVerb FormSubject

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

She is not sad They are not in the school

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

We’re not = We aren’t

You’re not = You aren’t

They’re not = They aren’t

We

You are not

They

He`s not = He isn’t

She’s not = She isn’t

It’s not = It isn’t

He

She is not

It

I`m notI am not

YES / NO QUESTIONS

YES / NO QUESTIONS

YES / NO QUESTIONS

Mary tall and thin.

Mary tall and thin?

Yes, she is / No, she isn’t

Yes, she is tall and thin. / No, she is not tall and thin

Affirmative Statement:

Yes / No question:

Short Answers:

Full /Complete Answers:

John and Peter students.

John and Peter students?

Yes, they are / No, they aren’t

Yes, they are students. / No they are not students.

Affirmative Statement:

Yes / No question:

Short Answers:

Full /Complete Answers:

are

Are

is

Is

WH - QUESTIONS

WH - QUESTIONS

WH - QUESTIONS

How are you? I am sad.

How is Loja? It is small.

State

Form / manner

How

Where is he? In the house.PlacesWhere

Who is the director of the school? Carlos.

PeopleWho

What is this? It is a book.

What is your name? Robert.

What do you do? I am a driver.

What is he doing? He’s working

Things

Name

Occupations

Activities

What

ExampleInformation about…

Wh-word

REVIEW

Are they doctors?

Are we friends?

Is it a city?

Is she my sister?

Is he in the lab?

Are you a student?

Am I a teacher?

Yes/No Question

They are not doctors.

We are not friends.

It is not a city.

She is not my sister.

He is not in the lab.

You are not a student.

I am not a teacher.

Negative Statements

Yes, they are / No they are not

They are doctors.

Yes, we are / No, we are not

We are friends.

Yes, it is / No, it is notIt is a city.

Yes, she is / No, she is not

She is my sister.

Yes, he is / No, he is notHe is in the lab.

Yes, I am / No, I am notYou are a student.

Yes, you are / No, you are not

I am a teacher.

Short AnswersStatement

DEMONSTRATIVES

We use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the speaker.

This is a blackboard These are papers

THIS +Singular Nouns THESE + Plural Nouns

DEMONSTRATIVES

We use THAT / THOSE when the objects are far from the speaker.

That is a lake.

Those are mountainsTHAT + Singular Nouns

THOSE + Plural Nouns

DEMONSTRATIVES

DEMONSTRATIVES

PLURAL NOUNS

cat - catsface - facesday – days

Add -smost others

fly - fliestry - tries

curry – curries

Change y to ithen

Add –es

consonant + y

boss - bossestax - taxes

bush - bushes

Add -ess, x, ch or sh

ExamplesForming the pluralNoun ending

IRREGULAR PLURAL

potato - potatoestomato - tomatoes

volcano - volcanoes

Add –esEnds with - o

half - halveswolf - wolvesloaf - loaves

Change f to vthen

Add –es

Ends with –f

knife - kniveslife - lives

wife - wives

Change f to vthen

Add –s

Ends with -fe

ExamplesForming the pluralNoun type

IRREGULAR PLURAL

sheepdeer

fish (sometimes)

Singular and pluralare the same

Unchanging

man - menfoot - feet

child - childrenperson - people

tooth - teethmouse - mice

Change the vowelor

Change the wordor

Add a different ending

ALL KINDS

ExamplesForming the pluralNoun type

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES

POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES

This is our house

Her pants are blueHis shirt is new

This is her cat

POSSESSIVE FORM ‘S

POSSESSIVE FORM ‘S

Kevin’s wife is Rose.

His wife is Rose.Charlie’s book is black.

The Child’s mother is happy

PREPOSITION OF PLACE

At the bus station at home

At the door at the top

At work at the end of

AT (lugar específico)

On a shelf on a wall

On a plate on the table

On a balcony on a door

ON (sobre una superficie)

In the house in a shop

In a room in a town

In a car in a garden

IN (dentro de)

CAN / CAN’T

CAN / CAN’T

They can dance He can’t play the piano He can play football

He can swim He can skate

NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS

Can they walk ?

Can we sing?

Can it run?

Can she swim?

Can he play?

Can you dance?

Can I cook?

YES/NO QUESTIONS

Yes, they can / No, they can’t

Yes, we can / No, we can’t

Yes, it can / No, it can’t

Yes, she can / No, she can’t

Yes, he can / No, he can`t

Yes I can / No I can’t

Yes, you can / No,you can´t

SHORT ANSWERS

They can not walk

We can not sing

It can not run

She can not swim

He can not play

You can not dance

I can not cook

NEGATIVE

They can walk

We can sing

It can run

She can swim

He can play

You can dance

I can cook

AFFIRMATIVE