Page 1 ElectronicsComponentsandSchema3cs
J.R.LeemanandC.Marone
TechniquesofGeoscien3ficExperimenta3on
October11,2016
Page 2 Todaywewillcovercomponents,schema3cs,andbasiccircuitanalysis-whichisalotofmaterial
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Page 3 ElectronicsFundamentals
Page 4 Electriccircuitsareclosedloopsthatelectronsflowthrough.Electricalenergyisthestoredelectricalpoten3aldifference
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Page 5 Electriccircuitsareclosedloopsthatelectronsflowthrough.Electricalenergyisthestoredelectricalpoten3aldifference
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Page 6 OSencircuitsarethoughtofintermsofconven3onalcurrentflow,notelectronflow
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Page 7 We’llstartbylookingatvoltage,current,resistanceandtheirrela3on
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Page 8 Awatersystemisusedasacommonanalogy
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Page 9 Voltageissimilartowaterpressureinahydraulicsystem
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Page 10 Currentisanalogoustowaterflow
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Page 11 Resistanceissimilartoflowlimitsduetothewaterpipesize
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Page 12 Voltage,Current,andResistanceareallrelated
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Page 14 Kirchoff’sCurrentLaw
At any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node
or equivalently the algebraic sum of currents in a network of conductors meeting at a point is zero.
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Page 15 Kirchoff’sVoltageLaw
The directed sum of the electrical potential differences (voltage) around any closed network is zero.
More simply, the sum of the emfs in any closed loop is equivalent to the sum of the potential drops in that loop.
The algebraic sum of the products of the resistances of the conductors and the currents in them in a closed loop is equal to the total emf available in
that loop.
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Page 17 Ohm’sLawrelatesvoltage,current,andresistance
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V = I * R
Page 18 Ohm’sLawrelatesvoltage,current,andresistance
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Page 19 Ohm’sLawrelatesvoltage,current,andresistance
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Page 20 Let’scalculatethedropperresistorforanLED
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3.8V
Vf = 3.1 V If = 30 mA
Page 21 Yourturn!
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Page 22 Nowthat’scalculatethepowerthatresistormusthandle
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Page 23 Let’sapplyourknowledgetoamorecomplexexample
Calculate the currents in this circuit
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100
200
300
4V
3V
Page 24 Yourturn!
Calculate the currents, resistor voltage drops, and resistor power consumption in this circuit
Page 26 Wedrawcircuitsinschema3cdiagramswithsymbolstorepresentthepartsinthecircuit
Page 27 Thesymbolsarestandardizedforthebasiccomponents
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Page 28 Junc3onsmarkwherewiresareconnected
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Page 29 Wealsousenetnamelabelstoreduceschema3cclu_er
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Page 30 Whenencounteringaschema3c,splititupintofunc3onalblocks
Page 31 Whenencounteringaschema3c,splititupintofunc3onalblocks
Page 32 Lookforvoltagerails,theseagreatstaringtestpoints
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Page 33 Readthedatasheets,thereisalotofhelpfulinforma3oninthem
Page 34 Nowlet’stakeadeeperdiveintothebasiccomponents
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Page 36 Resistorsrestricttheflowofelectronsthroughacircuit
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Page 37 Resistorsinseriesareaddedtogether
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Page 38 Resistorsinparallelaretheinversesumoftheinverseresistances
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Page 39 Let’sworkoutanexamplesimpleresistornetwork
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Page 40 Let’sworkoutanexamplesimpleresistornetwork
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Page 41 Let’sworkoutanexamplesimpleresistornetwork
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Page 43 Capacitorscanstoreenergyinacircuitandresistvoltagechanges
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Page 44 Capsinparallelareaddedtogether
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Page 45 Capsinseriesgoastheinversesum
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Page 46 Powersupplydecoupling/bypassisacommonapplica3on
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Page 47 Filteringisanothercommonapplica3onofcaps
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Page 48 Bewareofpolarizedcapacitorsanddesignwiththeappropriatera3ngs/typeinmind
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sW0a9d_vWoc
Page 50 Inductorsarecoilsofwire,generallyonaferrouscorethatstoreenergyinamagne3cfield.Theyresistchangesincurrent
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Page 51 Whenpowerisappliedamagne3cfieldisbuiltup
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Page 52 Whenpowerisremovedthatmagne3cfielddumpsitsenergy
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Page 53 Inductorsarethebasisfortransformersaswell
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Page 55 Diodesareliketheone-wayvalveofelectronics(ideally)
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Page 56 Currentcanfromfromtheanodetothecathode,butnotfromthecathodetotheanode
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Page 57 Herearetwosimpleequivalentcircuits
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Page 58 Realdiodesaremorecomplexthantheideal
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Page 59 Smallsignaldiodesarelowcurrent,inexpensivediodes(i.e.1N4148)
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Page 60 Powerdiodeshavehighercurrentra3ngs(i.e.1N4001)
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Page 61 Scho_kydiodeshaveverylowforwardvoltages,goodwhenyoucannottoleratelargevoltagedrops
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Page 62 Zenerdiodesaremeanttobeusedinreversebiastotakeadvantageoftheirprecisebreakdown(zener)voltage
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Page 63 Therearealsoop3caldiodes(lightemihngandcurrentgenera3ng)
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Page 64 Diodescanbeusedasarec3fiertoconvertACtoDC
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Page 65 DiodesareoSenusedasreversepolarityprotec3on
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Page 66 Youcanevenbuildlogicgates!Whatarethesegates?
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Page 67 Youcanevenbuildlogicgates!Whatarethesegates?
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OR
Page 68 Youcanevenbuildlogicgates!Whatarethesegates?
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OR AND
Page 69 Flybackdiodesprotectyourcircuitsfrominduc3vevoltagespikes
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Page 71 Forsimplicity,we’lldiscusstheNPNBJT
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Page 72 ButtherearetwotypesofBJT-NPNandPNP
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Page 73 Transistorscanbeconceptualizedasback-to-backdiodes,butdon’ttaketheanalogyveryfar
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Page 74 ElectronscaneasilyfromfromNtoPmaterial,butnotPtoN
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Page 75 ButelectronsCANflowfrombasetocollectorifBase-Emi_erisforwardbiased
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Page 76 Transistorscanbeusedasswitches,controlsoramplifiers
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Page 77 Transistorsarenon-lineardevicesandoperateinoneoffourquadrantsofbehavior
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Page 78 Satura3onisthe“ON”stateofatransistor
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Ve<VbVc<Vb
Page 79 Cutoffisthe“OFF”stateofthetransistor
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Ve>VbVc>Vb
Page 80 Ac3vemodeamplifiescurrentintothebasepintotheC-Ecurrent
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Vc>Vb>Ve
Page 81 Reverseac3veamplifiescurrentfromemi_ertocollector,butisn’taverycommondesigncase
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Vc<Vb<Ve
Page 82 Let’suseatransistorasaswitch
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Page 83 Wecanalsohigh-sideswitchwithaPNP
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Page 84 H-BridgescandrivesmotorsintheCWorCCWdirec3on
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Page 85 Amplifiercircuitscanbesingleormul3-stageandareonlyslightlymorecomplicated
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Page 86 Assignment:PairupandbuildtheArduinoVoltmeterwithonekit
Due:10/13