Economic Overview of the Sport, Social, Urban and Environmental Impacts and Legacies of the Olympic Games
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Presentation prepared for the ‘IX Seminario Nacional Políticas Públicas de Esporte e Lazer: Brasil 2016: a Olímpiadae os impactos desejados nas políticas públicas de esporte e lazer das cidades brasileiras’
organized by the Ministério do Esporte do Governo Federal brasileiroe a Prefectura Municipal de São Bernardo do Campo (Estado de Sao Paulo), March 24-27, 2010
An Economic Overview of the Sport, Social, Urban and Environmental Impacts and Legacies of the Olympic Games
Professor Dr Ferran Brunet
Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaFaculty of Economics & Center for Olympic Studies
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Key for Olympic Success The Barcelona Model The Barcelona Olympic Areas The Concentric Circles The Economic Impact Scheme The BCN’92 Olympic Accounts The Olympic Employment Barcelona Dynamics: Employment, Works, and Hotels The Olympic Games Resources, 1964-2008 Impacts of the Olympic Games Strategic Position vs. Competitiveness: The Best
European Cities for Business The Olympic Economy Decalogue… and Some
Questions
© Ferran Brunet 2010
Source: © Ferran Brunet (1988 and 1994)
Urban Renewal Capacity
SeparateAgencies for Organization
and for Works
Excellence of Sports
and Urban Program
Mixed Economy
Insti-tutional
Unanimity
THE KEY FOR OLYMPIC SUCCESS
The Barcelona Model
Source: © Ferran Brunet (1988 and 2008)
The Barcelona Model
Organization Forms & Aims
Urban Renewal Forms & Aims
Economic Management and Impact Forms & Aims
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The Barcelona Olympic Areas
Main Urban Renewal Areas, 1986-1992
Source: © Barcelona City Council (1988)
The Barcelona Olympic Areas
S-W, Montjuic: Stadium, main other sport facilities –Swimingpool…
S-E, Poblenou: Olympic Village, Port
N-W, Diagonal Area: Sport facilities, Hotels
N-E, Vall d’Hebron Area: Sport facilities, Hotels
All the city in works!
Decentralization - Many Sub-sites: all region, all big Spain cities
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The Concentric Circles
1. Organization
2. Investments
3. Impact
Concentric circles The organization of the Olympic Games / mega event stimulates investments and these have a strong impact on economic activity, living standards, wages and quality of life. The effect of the OG / mega event has been made permanent thanks to strong investments and the enlarged attractiveness and quality of life in the city.
Source: © Ferran Brunet (1989 and 2008)
The Economic Impact SchemeBefore the OG After the OG
Organization Investments Impact
Tem
pora
ry o
ccup
atio
ns
41.45
0 pos
itions
for w
orke
rs du
ring 6
year
s
Organization Period 1986-1993
1364 M $ (162.880 M Pta)
Commercial income 1256 M $
(149.933 M Pta)
Fiscal income
108 M $ (12.947 M Pta)
Investment Period 1986-1992 8012 M $ (956.630 M Pta)
Public 5390 M $
(643.613 M Pta)
Private 2622 M $
(313.017 M Pta)
Perm
anen
t oc
cupa
tions
20
.230 p
ositio
ns
Economic and social impact
Period 1986-1992 16266 M $ (1.942.188 M Pta) and permanent
Urban renovation Greater occupation Major Activity
Capacities olympic organizational Know-how
Culture of excellence, culture of consensus
Barcelona model of event organization, economic impact and urban transformation
Major Government and social capital 5390 M $
Urbanization Houses Collective transportation Ring road Cultural institutions Cleaning sports facilities Maritime facade, beaches, parks
Major private and business capital 2622 M $
Hotels Business locals
Offices Houses
Olympic port Companies
Greater occupation (20.230 positions for work) and major qualifications for work force Better competitiveness (2002: 6th place in the ranking of European cities)
Olympic Rent: 702 M $ per year
Improved and better economic activity, better quality of life major Added Value
702 M $ per year
Improve Strategic Position Social cohesion, improved Rent
and improved Well-being of the residents
Improve Productivity
Improve Competiveness
Fiscal yield 150 M $ per year
Improved and better Attractiveness: more capital, residents and tourism
Source: Brunet (1997 and 2002) and this research.
Olympic Legacy
8012 M $
Source: © Ferran Brunet (1989 and 2004)
The Economic Impact Scheme
A.Before the OG The Concentric CirclesTemp Employment
B. After the GamesDue to the O Legacy: Investments
attracted, Permanent employment and skills, Income
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The BCN’92 Olympic Accounts (I)
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The BCN’92 Olympic Accounts (II)
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The BCN’92 Olympic Accounts (& III)
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The BCN’92 Accounts
A. Source of Funding
Public- Government (40%) / Private-Commercial (60%)
B. Destination of Resources
Organization (14,5%: Technology, Olympic Family) / Investments (85,5%: Roads, Communication, Hotels, Housing, Sport facilities)
© Ferran Brunet 2010
EmploymentGenerated by the Olympics
Barcelona Dynamics: Employment, Works, and Visitors
© Ferran Brunet 2010
Barcelona Olympic Dynamics
1986-1992-1993-2004-2008-2020
Employment – Unemployment
Concrete – Works – Construction
Hotel The Barcelona Model
Adequate size and situation of Barcelona
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The Olympic Revenues
TV
Sponsors
Governments
Merchandizing, lotteries…
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The Revenues of the Olympic GamesOrganizing Committees, 1964-2016
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The Olympic Expenditures
Organization: Stable, To minimize it
Direct Olympic Investment: Variable
Impact: To maximize it
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The Expenditures on the
Olympic Games, 1964-2016
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The Olympic Impacts
Hotel offer
Visitors
Seoul, Barcelona, Atlanta, Sydney, Athens, Beijing, London
The adequate size and situation of Barcelona
© Ferran Brunet 2010
Impacts of the Olympics
A. Hotel offer: growth before, during and after the Olympic Games
B. Foreign visitors: before, during and after the
Olympic Games
Source: Jones Lang La Salle IP Inc (2002).
Strategic Position vs. Competitiveness: The Best European Cities for Business
Strategic Position vs. Competitiveness:The Best European Cities for Business
Barcelona European City Ranking1990: 11 / 2000: 6 / 2005: 4 / 2010: 4
Evaluation – Feeling Investment Decision
Capacity to Attract
World Regions – Creative Industries
Globalization – Competitiveness
City Strategy: continuity-discontinuity
© Ferran Brunet 2010
The Olympic Decalog: Economy, Sport, Urban and Environment
I. The Institutional Agreement.
II. Mixing Economy: Public Direction & Private Management.
III. Separate Organs: to Organize the Games (Sports) & to do the Works and Investments (Stone).
IV. The Concentric Circles Principle. The Olympic Resources are Not cost but Investment.
V. Maximize investment & Minimize costs.
VI. The Excellence Principle: in 2 weeks of Excellence you match the past organizing efforts and specially all your new future.
VII. The first beneficiary of the Games is the State:
at medium term always a fiscal surplus appears.
VIII. From a strategic perspective the more important is not 2012 but 2013 and after!
IX. The Olympic Investments are the Legacy.
X. The Continuity in Investments is needed to maintain and profit of the new Strategic Position of the City and the Country.
© Ferran Brunet 2010
…and Some Questions
Global Competition and Mega-events.
Creative Industries.
World Regions.
Competition between European cities and regions.
The current crisis, the depression, and the further Olympics.
A Finished City: What it needs.
The city identity, consensus, identification, attractiveness, design, glamour.
Over-stimulation, over-protection.
© Ferran Brunet 2010
Thanks for your kind attention!
An Economic Overview of the Sport, Social, Urbanand Environmental Impacts and Legacies of the Olympic Games
Professor Dr. Ferran BRUNET
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Centre d'Estudis Olímpics
Campus Universitari, Plaça Cívica, Edifici NE-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Phone +34-93-581-1992 http://www.olympicstudies.uab.esferran.brunet@uab.es
© 1986-2010 Ferran Brunet
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