Eagle Ford Shale Stimulation Demands: Good Engineering, Optimized Fluid Selection and Execution Jorge Manrique, PE – Nabors Completion & Production Services.

Eagle Ford Shale Stimulation Demands: Good Engineering, Optimized Fluid Selection and Execution

Jorge Manrique, PE – Nabors Completion & Production Services Co. Buenos Aires, 9 de Agosto de 2012

Who we are…

5th Largest Pressure Pumping Co. in North America (~1 M HHP)

Experienced in All Major US Basins (29 Districts)

Over 13,600 DUG Stages Completed in 2011

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• Pressure Pumping Cementing Fracturing

• Wire Line• Coiled Tubing (16)• Work Over Well Servicing (750)• Fluid Management, Storage & Disposal• Transportation & Logistics

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Marcellus Shale

OKCCANA

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MISSISSIPPIAN

LIME

Major US Unconventional Basins

NCPS Districts

250 Rigs Un-conventional

VACA MUERTA EAGLE FORDMARCELLUSHORN RIVER BARNETT HAYNESVILLE

2352 FT 600 FT 498 FT 351 FT 298 FT 219 FT

Comparison of Shale Thickness

Vaca Muerta is ~7 times Thicker than Eagle Ford Play

OIL

DRY GAS

EAGLE FORD SHALE BASIN

• X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)• Total Organic Content (TOC)• Pressure/Volume/Temperature (PVT)• Embedment• Geo-Mechanical

If <YM = SoftIf >YM = Brittle

• Desorption Analysis

Understanding the Shale Reservoir

Total Improved Production and EUR depend on:

• Complex Fracture Geometry

• Optimal Perforation Techniques

• Stress Contrasts

• Fluid Leak-Off

• Natural Fractures

• Layering

• Brittleness

• Young Modulus

The Importance of Understanding the Reservoir

Laboratory Services & Testing

Sample Depth (ft) Lithology Classification

No. (modified Dunham, 1962)

1 10170.50 Calcareous Mudrock N/A2 10174.40 Calcareous Mudrock N/A3 10183.70 Calcareous Mudrock N/A4 10189.50 Argillaceous Limestone Foraminiferal Packstone

5 10192.40 Calcareous Mudrock N/A6 10195.50 Calcareous Mudrock N/A7 10201.50 Argillaceous Limestone Foraminiferal Packstone

8 10213.55 Calcareous Mudrock N/A9 10219.50 Mudrock N/A10 10221.80 Claystone / Calcareous Mudrock N/A

11 10225.50 Mudrock / Calcareous Mudrock N/A

12 10241.50 Mudrock / Calcareous Mudrock N/A

Samples Examined

Courtesy of Southern Bay Energy

Frac Fluid Design Based on:

• Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP)

• PMAC Scale Modeling System

• Microbiological Analysis

• Standard Titrations

• Field Tests

• Post Job Analysis of Produced Water

• 5 Clusters

• Reduced Spacing to 1 Ft

• 4 SPF (all deep penetrating)

• Run RA Tracers (Ir, Sc, Sb)

• Drilled-Out Frac Plugs & Log the Interval

Perforating and Fracture Initiation

20 Holes – Limited Entry

25# Crosslinked Hybrid – Eagle Ford

Conclusions

• Formation Evaluation & Core Data correlation will enhance best frac design.

• Each shale formation is unique in geo-chemistry, petrology, brittleness, ductility, complexity, mineralogy. All must be understood to select the right fluid rheology.

• There is no a single approach to complete all shale formations.

• Mineral deposits and geochemical precipitates including scale, can be prevented by using the right blend of chemicals.

• Limited-entry and deep-penetrating shots have proven effective at reducing fracture initiation pressures, lower breakdown pressures and “smoother” treatment.

• Maximizing the Stimulated Rock Volume (SRV) can be obtained through limited- entry perforating designs.

• Smaller diameter holes create additional friction pressure aiding in fracture diversion.

• Frac treatment must be designed depending if the well will produce oil or gas.

Thank You !!!

For more Information Contact:

Jorge.Manrique@Nabors.com