Transcript
Networks and the Internet
70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional
Windows XP Network Overview (Page 1)
Supports local area network (LAN) connections
Supports emerging wireless technologies Improvement in remote access support
from previous versions
Windows XP Network Overview (Page 2)
Can function as: Client Server (limited) Both
Networking components can be added and removed as necessary
Network Protocols Supported by Windows XP
Major protocols: TCP/IP NWLink
TCP/IP
An all-embracing suite of standardized protocols (more than 50) that cover wide range of capabilities
Work began in developing technology in 1969 continuing through 1970’s Became broadly available in 1981-1982
Most common networking protocols: Used by Internet for newsgroups, e-mail, file
transfer, remote printing, remote booting, the World Wide Web, etc.
TCP/IP Advantages
Supports networking services better than the other Windows XP protocols
Multiple routing protocols Good error detection and handling Works with most kinds of computers
TCP/IP Disadvantages
Not fast nor easy to use Mass of information and detail work
Configuring and managing requires: Fair degree of expertise Careful planning Constant maintenance and attention
NWLink (IPX/SPX)
Microsoft implementation of Novell’s Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) protocol stack
Provides backwards compatibility with NetWare versions 4 and earlier TCP/IP became the default protocol in
version 5
Networking Under Windows XP
Controlled by single multifaceted interface that combines networking access for: Local Area Network (LAN) Internet Modem
Configured by running the "Network Setup Wizard"
Checking Local Area Connection Properties
1. Launch “Network Connections” applet from Control Panel
2. Double-click “Local Area Connection” or other object Or select object and then File Status from
menu bar Reveals Connection Status, Duration, Speed,
Packets
3. Click <Properties> button Reveals NIC, all services and protocols
Wireless Networking
Supports IEEE 802.11 wireless standards Also known as Wi-Fi networks A single base station supports one or
more clients Client must have a wireless NIC
Network Setup Wizard
Step-by-step, walk-through tool used to configure nondomain networks
Used for small offices and home networks Can be executed from:
Network Connections applet: File Network Setup Wizard –or –
Start menu Programs Accessories Communications
Wizard on the system to be the ICS host first
Managing Bindings
Binding is the order in which Windows XP networking components are linked
Affects how the system behaves and system performance
Accessed in "Network Connections" applet of Control Panel by selecting Advanced Advanced Settings from menu bar
Advanced Settings Dialog Box—"Adapters and Bindings" Tab
TCP/IP Architecture
Internet Protocol (IP) Provides both addressing and routing
information for source and destination systems
Addresses are 4 bytes (32 bits) longEach octet between 0 and 255
Fast (although unreliable) connectionless datagram protocol which assumes that other protocols are available to assure reliable delivery
IP Addresses Designates network and host (any device that is assigned an IP address) Subnet mask blocks network element:
An octet value of 255 is used to block the network component of the address A value of zero does not block
Class A Network ID's: 126 Host ID's: 16,777, 214 Usable network ID's: 1.x.y.z—126.a.b.c
Class B Network ID's: 16,328 Host ID's: 65,534 Usable network ID's: 128.1.y.z—191.255.b.c
Class C Network ID's: 2,097,150 Host ID's: 254 Usable network ID's: 192.0.1.z—223.255.254.c
TCP/IP Protocols (Page 1)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Sends control messages including:
Error messages, quality of server information, confirmations, etc.
The “Ping” utility which can request response from a remote host
TCP/IP Protocols (Page 2)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) When system begins a conversation with
host, requests a physical address which can be associated with the logical address
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Manages a defined block of IP addresses Assigns IP addresses dynamically to
computers upon request
TCP/IP Protocols (Page 3)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Primary Internet transport protocol Connection oriented, so it provides more reliable
delivery than connectionless Uses a port number to identify which process is to
receive a particular packet Its sequencing function ensures that packets are
reassembled in correct order Able to acknowledge successful delivery and
request retransmission of lost or damaged packets
TCP/IP Protocols (Page 4)
Protocols within: File Transfer Protocol (FTP)—directory
and file manipulation Telnet—remote terminal emulation Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)—
the basis for Internet e-mail Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP)—reports management data Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)—the
World Wide Web
Some TCP/IP Utilities and Services (Page 1)
Packet Internet Groper (PING) Uses ICMP protocol to see if a designated
host is reachable on the network Can permit you to see if your own machine
is attached properly At command line type:
ping machineName ping IP_address ping 127.0.0.1 (to view your own machine)
Some TCP/IP Utilities and Services (Page 2)
IPCONFIG Displays the IP address, subnet mask and
default gateway for all network interfaces on local machine
At command line type: ipconfig [/all] NETSTAT
Lists
TCP/IP Configuration (Page 1)
Configuration is performed through the “Network Connections” tool
By default seeks out Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server provides an IP address upon request Server assigns IP addresses on demand
TCP/IP Configuration (Page 2)
Alternately each machine may be assigned a specific IP address manually: Unique IP address for each machine Subnet mask for the network to which the
machine belongs A gateway address—the node (router) on network
that serves as an access point to another network In homes, the gateway is the ISP In enterprises, the gateway routes traffic from
workstation to outside network
TCP/IP Configuration (Page 3)
Alternately each machine may be assigned a specific IP address manually (con.) Address of one or more domain name system
(DNS) servers Stores and associates information with domain
names providing a worldwide keyword-based redirection service
Translates domain names (computer hostnames) to IP addresses
Lists mail exchange servers accepting e-mail for each domain
Windows XP Remote Tools
Remote Assistance Allows a distant user to view your desktop Have control over the mouse and keyboard
activities Remote Desktop
Enables you to access your client’s logon environment from a remote system
Remote Assistance
Designed to simplify task of training users Requires an e-mail invitation for another
machine to take over the invitee Invitation expires
Both machines must be XP Windows Messenger or MAPI-compliant e-
mail utility required Uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
Remote Desktop
Similar to a single client version of Terminal Services
Workers access work machine from home Enabled through a component of Internet
Information Services (IIS)
Network Setup Wizard
Step-by-step, walk-through tool used to configure nondomain networks
Used for small offices and home networks Can be opened from the network tasks list Wizard on the system to be the ICS host
first
Network Connections Window
Network Connection Wizard
Installing Remote Access Hardware
Hardware must be installed before remote connection established
Windows XP inspects hardware and attempts to identify any new devices
Windows XP attempts to locate and install drivers for new device
Phone and Modem Applet
Primary Control Panel applet for managing remote access devices and operations
Used to control: Dialing rules Configure remote access devices Configure telephony driver properties
Connecting to the Internet
Connect to the Internet Wizard: Choose from a list of Internet service
providers (ISPs) Set up my connection manually Use the CD that I got from an ISP
Connection Status Dialog Box
Internet Connection Sharing
Used to share single network connection with small group of networked computers
Enabled on Advanced tab of connection object’s Properties dialog box
Incorporates: Network Address Translation (NAT) function Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) address allocator Domain Name System (DNS) proxy
Internet Connection Firewall
Security measure for protecting network connections from unwanted traffic
Can set restrictions on traffic in and out of network to an external network or the Internet
Much-needed feature for systems that employ shared broadband connections
Stateful firewall Blocks most incoming traffic by default
Connecting to the Network at My Workplace
Virtual Private Networking (VPN) Trend in mobile computing Employs Internet as long-distance carrier
to enable distant, secure LAN connections Windows XP VPN:
Encrypts all traffic Setup with New Connection Wizard
Setting Up an Advanced Connection
Used to: Establish direct connection between two systems
Transfer large amount of data with no network connection
Use serial or parallel cable Configure system to answer inbound dial-up calls
Can act as remote access server for single incoming connection
Only for special-purpose applications
Alternate IP Configuration
Available whenever networking connection object uses DHCP
Preconfigure an alternate default IP configuration if DHCP fails
Found on second tab in "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties" dialog window for a Network Connection
Remote Access Security
Built on Windows XP local and network security
Dial-up connection objects Authentication and encryption security
options VPN
Used to secure remote access
Certificates (Page 1)
Provide proof of identity for network and Internet communications
Allow systems to trust unknown online parties for the purposes of: Exchanging information Exchanging Data Performing e-commerce
Product of cryptographic mechanism known as public key infrastructure (PKI)
Certificates (Page 2)
Certificate Authority (CA): Responsible for:
Creating Issuing Managing Revoking certificates
Can be server computer system within organization’s network or service offered by independent third-party organization
Certificates (Page 3)
Found by clicking the <Certificates> button on "Content" tab of the Internet Options applet
Internet Options Applet (Page 1)
Used to define settings for MS Internet Explorer and general Internet access
General tab to: Set the default home page Managing temporary Internet files Managing the URL history Modifying default fonts, colors, language
and accessibility options
Internet Options Applet (Page 2)
Security tab to set security levels: The four Web zones are:
1. Internet (not in any other zone)
2. Local intranet (on your organization's intranet)
3. Trusted sites (will not harm your computer)
4. Restricted sites (may harm your computer) The <Custom Level…> options are quite
complex with multiple individual settings The <Default Level> uses a slider to set security
for each zone to low, medium-low, medium or high
Internet Options Applet (Page 3)
Privacy tab to set security levels: Sets the level personal information is or is
not shared when communicating with other web sites
Settings relate to how cookies are handled Either totally blocked or allowed Or accepted on some limited basis
Internet Options Applet (Page 4)
Content tab to configure: Content Advisor—site blocker based on
levels of content Certificates—identify trusted sites AutoComplete—lists possible matches
from entries the user has keyed previously into the Address bar
My Profile…--your online identity
Internet Options Applet (Page 5)
Connections tab to: Manage your "Network Connections"
Programs tab to set the default applications for: HTML editing E-mail Newsgroups Internet calling Calendar Contact list
Internet Options Applet (Page 6)
Advanced tab to set features such as: Accessibility Browsing functions Multimedia behaviors Printing background colors and images Searching behaviors on the Address bar Security settings
Windows XP and the Internet
Tools to help access the Internet: Internet Explorer Outlook Express FTP client Telnet client Internet Information Server (IIS)
Internet Explorer
Version 6.0 is included with XP State-of-the-art Web browser Tightly integrated with other Windows
applications Wide range of security related
configuration options Can be used as FTP client
Outlook Express
Popular e-mail client utility Part of Microsoft Office Outlook Express included in Windows XP Used to read and write e-mail Used to file and sort messages Contact management tool
FTP Client
Command-line implementation of FTP client included in Windows XP Used for uploading and downloading files to
and from remote servers Directory services on the server (copy, rename,
delete, etc.) also available Numerous freeware and shareware GUI
implementations: More user-friendly I.e. WS_FTP
Telnet Client
Simple tool provided in Windows XP Attempts to establish Telnet session with
remote system based on domain name or IP address (terminal emulation)
Internet Information Server
Reduced functionality version of Internet Information Server (IIS) included with Windows XP
Allows system to host Web and FTP services Not designed or intended for public Web/FTP
site hosting Can be used for testing server-based
dynamic Web applications Limited to 10 simultaneous connections
Order Prints Online
Feature of the My Pictures folder Starts the Online Print Ordering Wizard Requires that Internet access be available
Client Vs. Server-based Remote Access
Select a Windows server (or another server-based system such as Unix or other server) for serious Internet hosting
Windows XP client is limited as follows: Limited to a single incoming dial-up
connection Can support only 10 simultaneous network
connections Can share an Internet link with a workgroup
Remote Access Troubleshooting (Page 1)
Problems can be fairly elusive; check: Physical connections (phone lines, serial
cables, etc.) Power to external devices Properly installed and updated drivers Properly configured settings Correct authentication credentials Similar encryption or security requirements Proper protocol requirements and settings
Remote Access Troubleshooting (Page 2)
Log files: File containing all communications made between
OS and modem device during connection establishment
Found on Diagnostics tab in Properties window of the "Modem" tab for the Phone and Modem Options applet
PPP.LOG System log
Found in "Event Viewer" dialog of the Administrative Tools applet
Case Projects 7-1 & 8-1 (No. 1), pp. 364 & 419
top related