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Networks and the Internet

70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional

Windows XP Network Overview (Page 1)

Supports local area network (LAN) connections

Supports emerging wireless technologies Improvement in remote access support

from previous versions

Windows XP Network Overview (Page 2)

Can function as: Client Server (limited) Both

Networking components can be added and removed as necessary

Network Protocols Supported by Windows XP

Major protocols: TCP/IP NWLink

TCP/IP

An all-embracing suite of standardized protocols (more than 50) that cover wide range of capabilities

Work began in developing technology in 1969 continuing through 1970’s Became broadly available in 1981-1982

Most common networking protocols: Used by Internet for newsgroups, e-mail, file

transfer, remote printing, remote booting, the World Wide Web, etc.

TCP/IP Advantages

Supports networking services better than the other Windows XP protocols

Multiple routing protocols Good error detection and handling Works with most kinds of computers

TCP/IP Disadvantages

Not fast nor easy to use Mass of information and detail work

Configuring and managing requires: Fair degree of expertise Careful planning Constant maintenance and attention

NWLink (IPX/SPX)

Microsoft implementation of Novell’s Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) protocol stack

Provides backwards compatibility with NetWare versions 4 and earlier TCP/IP became the default protocol in

version 5

Networking Under Windows XP

Controlled by single multifaceted interface that combines networking access for: Local Area Network (LAN) Internet Modem

Configured by running the "Network Setup Wizard"

Checking Local Area Connection Properties

1. Launch “Network Connections” applet from Control Panel

2. Double-click “Local Area Connection” or other object Or select object and then File Status from

menu bar Reveals Connection Status, Duration, Speed,

Packets

3. Click <Properties> button Reveals NIC, all services and protocols

Wireless Networking

Supports IEEE 802.11 wireless standards Also known as Wi-Fi networks A single base station supports one or

more clients Client must have a wireless NIC

Network Setup Wizard

Step-by-step, walk-through tool used to configure nondomain networks

Used for small offices and home networks Can be executed from:

Network Connections applet: File Network Setup Wizard –or –

Start menu Programs Accessories Communications

Wizard on the system to be the ICS host first

Managing Bindings

Binding is the order in which Windows XP networking components are linked

Affects how the system behaves and system performance

Accessed in "Network Connections" applet of Control Panel by selecting Advanced Advanced Settings from menu bar

Advanced Settings Dialog Box—"Adapters and Bindings" Tab

TCP/IP Architecture

Internet Protocol (IP) Provides both addressing and routing

information for source and destination systems

Addresses are 4 bytes (32 bits) longEach octet between 0 and 255

Fast (although unreliable) connectionless datagram protocol which assumes that other protocols are available to assure reliable delivery

IP Addresses Designates network and host (any device that is assigned an IP address) Subnet mask blocks network element:

An octet value of 255 is used to block the network component of the address A value of zero does not block

Class A Network ID's: 126 Host ID's: 16,777, 214 Usable network ID's: 1.x.y.z—126.a.b.c

Class B Network ID's: 16,328 Host ID's: 65,534 Usable network ID's: 128.1.y.z—191.255.b.c

Class C Network ID's: 2,097,150 Host ID's: 254 Usable network ID's: 192.0.1.z—223.255.254.c

TCP/IP Protocols (Page 1)

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Sends control messages including:

Error messages, quality of server information, confirmations, etc.

The “Ping” utility which can request response from a remote host


Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) When system begins a conversation with

host, requests a physical address which can be associated with the logical address

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Manages a defined block of IP addresses Assigns IP addresses dynamically to

computers upon request


Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Primary Internet transport protocol Connection oriented, so it provides more reliable

delivery than connectionless Uses a port number to identify which process is to

receive a particular packet Its sequencing function ensures that packets are

reassembled in correct order Able to acknowledge successful delivery and

request retransmission of lost or damaged packets


Protocols within: File Transfer Protocol (FTP)—directory

and file manipulation Telnet—remote terminal emulation Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)—

the basis for Internet e-mail Simple Network Management Protocol

(SNMP)—reports management data Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)—the

World Wide Web

Some TCP/IP Utilities and Services (Page 1)

Packet Internet Groper (PING) Uses ICMP protocol to see if a designated

host is reachable on the network Can permit you to see if your own machine

is attached properly At command line type:

ping machineName ping IP_address ping 127.0.0.1 (to view your own machine)

Some TCP/IP Utilities and Services (Page 2)

IPCONFIG Displays the IP address, subnet mask and

default gateway for all network interfaces on local machine

At command line type: ipconfig [/all] NETSTAT

Lists

TCP/IP Configuration (Page 1)

Configuration is performed through the “Network Connections” tool

By default seeks out Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server provides an IP address upon request Server assigns IP addresses on demand


Alternately each machine may be assigned a specific IP address manually: Unique IP address for each machine Subnet mask for the network to which the

machine belongs A gateway address—the node (router) on network

that serves as an access point to another network In homes, the gateway is the ISP In enterprises, the gateway routes traffic from

workstation to outside network


Alternately each machine may be assigned a specific IP address manually (con.) Address of one or more domain name system

(DNS) servers Stores and associates information with domain

names providing a worldwide keyword-based redirection service

Translates domain names (computer hostnames) to IP addresses

Lists mail exchange servers accepting e-mail for each domain

Windows XP Remote Tools

Remote Assistance Allows a distant user to view your desktop Have control over the mouse and keyboard

activities Remote Desktop

Enables you to access your client’s logon environment from a remote system

Remote Assistance

Designed to simplify task of training users Requires an e-mail invitation for another

machine to take over the invitee Invitation expires

Both machines must be XP Windows Messenger or MAPI-compliant e-

mail utility required Uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

Remote Desktop

Similar to a single client version of Terminal Services

Workers access work machine from home Enabled through a component of Internet

Information Services (IIS)

Network Setup Wizard

Step-by-step, walk-through tool used to configure nondomain networks

Used for small offices and home networks Can be opened from the network tasks list Wizard on the system to be the ICS host

first

Network Connections Window

Network Connection Wizard

Installing Remote Access Hardware

Hardware must be installed before remote connection established

Windows XP inspects hardware and attempts to identify any new devices

Windows XP attempts to locate and install drivers for new device

Phone and Modem Applet

Primary Control Panel applet for managing remote access devices and operations

Used to control: Dialing rules Configure remote access devices Configure telephony driver properties

Connecting to the Internet

Connect to the Internet Wizard: Choose from a list of Internet service

providers (ISPs) Set up my connection manually Use the CD that I got from an ISP

Connection Status Dialog Box

Internet Connection Sharing

Used to share single network connection with small group of networked computers

Enabled on Advanced tab of connection object’s Properties dialog box

Incorporates: Network Address Translation (NAT) function Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

(DHCP) address allocator Domain Name System (DNS) proxy

Internet Connection Firewall

Security measure for protecting network connections from unwanted traffic

Can set restrictions on traffic in and out of network to an external network or the Internet

Much-needed feature for systems that employ shared broadband connections

Stateful firewall Blocks most incoming traffic by default

Connecting to the Network at My Workplace

Virtual Private Networking (VPN) Trend in mobile computing Employs Internet as long-distance carrier

to enable distant, secure LAN connections Windows XP VPN:

Encrypts all traffic Setup with New Connection Wizard

Setting Up an Advanced Connection

Used to: Establish direct connection between two systems

Transfer large amount of data with no network connection

Use serial or parallel cable Configure system to answer inbound dial-up calls

Can act as remote access server for single incoming connection

Only for special-purpose applications

Alternate IP Configuration

Available whenever networking connection object uses DHCP

Preconfigure an alternate default IP configuration if DHCP fails

Found on second tab in "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties" dialog window for a Network Connection

Remote Access Security

Built on Windows XP local and network security

Dial-up connection objects Authentication and encryption security

options VPN

Used to secure remote access

Certificates (Page 1)

Provide proof of identity for network and Internet communications

Allow systems to trust unknown online parties for the purposes of: Exchanging information Exchanging Data Performing e-commerce

Product of cryptographic mechanism known as public key infrastructure (PKI)


Certificate Authority (CA): Responsible for:

Creating Issuing Managing Revoking certificates

Can be server computer system within organization’s network or service offered by independent third-party organization


Found by clicking the <Certificates> button on "Content" tab of the Internet Options applet

Internet Options Applet (Page 1)

Used to define settings for MS Internet Explorer and general Internet access

General tab to: Set the default home page Managing temporary Internet files Managing the URL history Modifying default fonts, colors, language

and accessibility options


Security tab to set security levels: The four Web zones are:

1. Internet (not in any other zone)

2. Local intranet (on your organization's intranet)

3. Trusted sites (will not harm your computer)

4. Restricted sites (may harm your computer) The <Custom Level…> options are quite

complex with multiple individual settings The <Default Level> uses a slider to set security

for each zone to low, medium-low, medium or high


Privacy tab to set security levels: Sets the level personal information is or is

not shared when communicating with other web sites

Settings relate to how cookies are handled Either totally blocked or allowed Or accepted on some limited basis


Content tab to configure: Content Advisor—site blocker based on

levels of content Certificates—identify trusted sites AutoComplete—lists possible matches

from entries the user has keyed previously into the Address bar

My Profile…--your online identity


Connections tab to: Manage your "Network Connections"

Programs tab to set the default applications for: HTML editing E-mail Newsgroups Internet calling Calendar Contact list


Advanced tab to set features such as: Accessibility Browsing functions Multimedia behaviors Printing background colors and images Searching behaviors on the Address bar Security settings

Windows XP and the Internet

Tools to help access the Internet: Internet Explorer Outlook Express FTP client Telnet client Internet Information Server (IIS)

Internet Explorer

Version 6.0 is included with XP State-of-the-art Web browser Tightly integrated with other Windows

applications Wide range of security related

configuration options Can be used as FTP client

Outlook Express

Popular e-mail client utility Part of Microsoft Office Outlook Express included in Windows XP Used to read and write e-mail Used to file and sort messages Contact management tool

FTP Client

Command-line implementation of FTP client included in Windows XP Used for uploading and downloading files to

and from remote servers Directory services on the server (copy, rename,

delete, etc.) also available Numerous freeware and shareware GUI

implementations: More user-friendly I.e. WS_FTP

Telnet Client

Simple tool provided in Windows XP Attempts to establish Telnet session with

remote system based on domain name or IP address (terminal emulation)

Internet Information Server

Reduced functionality version of Internet Information Server (IIS) included with Windows XP

Allows system to host Web and FTP services Not designed or intended for public Web/FTP

site hosting Can be used for testing server-based

dynamic Web applications Limited to 10 simultaneous connections

Order Prints Online

Feature of the My Pictures folder Starts the Online Print Ordering Wizard Requires that Internet access be available

Client Vs. Server-based Remote Access

Select a Windows server (or another server-based system such as Unix or other server) for serious Internet hosting

Windows XP client is limited as follows: Limited to a single incoming dial-up

connection Can support only 10 simultaneous network

connections Can share an Internet link with a workgroup

Remote Access Troubleshooting (Page 1)

Problems can be fairly elusive; check: Physical connections (phone lines, serial

cables, etc.) Power to external devices Properly installed and updated drivers Properly configured settings Correct authentication credentials Similar encryption or security requirements Proper protocol requirements and settings

Remote Access Troubleshooting (Page 2)

Log files: File containing all communications made between

OS and modem device during connection establishment

Found on Diagnostics tab in Properties window of the "Modem" tab for the Phone and Modem Options applet

PPP.LOG System log

Found in "Event Viewer" dialog of the Administrative Tools applet

Case Projects 7-1 & 8-1 (No. 1), pp. 364 & 419

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Documents

network protocols

network component

usable network ids

tcpip protocols page

host ids

c class c network ids

c class b network ids

icmp protocol