Disaster risk reduction in the United Kingdom Simon Strickland Civil Contingencies Secretariat, Cabinet Office, London, UK.
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Disaster risk reduction in the United Kingdom
Simon Strickland
Civil Contingencies Secretariat,
Cabinet Office, London, UK
Hyogo Framework for Action: priorities
1. Making disaster risk reduction a priority
2. Improving risk information and early warning
3. Building a culture of safety and resilience
4. Reducing the risks in key sectors
5. Strengthening preparedness for response
Hyogo Framework for Action: priority 1 indicators
1. Making disaster risk reduction a priority
a. Legal frameworkb. National multi-sectoral platformc. National policy frameworkd. Resources
Ensuring a consistent generic national policy framework
Also: Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1999; Pipelines Safety Regulations 1996; Radiation Regulations 2001. Prevention – except in an imminent emergency - is covered by other legislation e.g. on fire safety, industrial safety, building regulations, flood defence, maritime safety, and health protection.
Legislation: Civil Contingencies Act 2004
1. Sets responsibilities and expectations for local responders:-• Category 1: police, fire, ambulance, local authorities, major hospitals,
coastguard:-• Risk assessment• Emergency planning• Warning and informing the public• Business continuity planning• Co-operation• Information-sharing
• Category 2: water, energy, telecommunications companies, HSE:-• Co-operation and information-sharing
2. Specifies emergency powers
Multi-agency and multi-sectoral cooperation: Local and Regional Resilience Fora (LRF and RRF)
• 43 LRF fora in England and Wales; 4 in London; meet 6 monthly.
• Police, fire and rescue authorities, ambulance services, Environment Agency, port health authorities, LAs ….
• Utility companies, health authorities attend as needed.
• Aim to:o compile local Risk Registers;o co-ordinate approach to legal duties; ando support contingency planning across agencies, exercise co-ordination,
and other training events.
• 9 RRFs for nine Regions (Government Offices); plus Wales.
• Police, fire, other emergency services recommended to participate.
• Utility companies, transport, health authorities attend as needed
• Aim to improve coordination: – across the region;– between the centre and the region;– between the region and the local response capability; and– between regions.
LRFs
RRFs
UK integrated disaster management framework
Civil Contingencies Secretariat
Inter-ministerial committees
Line ministries / Government Departments
Regional Resilience Fora
Business Advisory Group for Civil Protection
Voluntary Sector Civil Protection Working
Party and Forum
Local Resilience Fora
Community-led civil society initiatives
Scientific and wider research-based expertise
International coordination
2. Improving risk information and early warning
a. National risk assessmentsb. Systems for data monitoring and disseminationc. Early warning systemsd. Community reach
Hyogo Framework for Action: priority 2 indicators
Risk assessment
Use of the risk assessment - at all levels
SECONDARY CAPABILITY
DRIVERS
PRIMARY CAPABILITY
DRIVERS
Sig
nific
ant (
4)
Imp
act
Mod
erat
e (3
)M
inor
(2)
Insi
gnifi
cant
(1
)
,
Very rare (1) Rare (2) Unlikely (3) Possible (4)
Likelihood
Cat
astr
ophi
c (5
)
Probable(5)
Key
Very high
High
Medium
Low
MONITOR
PLAN WITHIN
EXISTINGRESOURCES
Improving ability to predict floods by bringing together meteorological and hydrological services
The Meteorological Office’s leading high-resolution weather forecasting & modelling experts are now co-located with theEnvironment Agency’s expertise in flood mapping and modelling, warnings and response, and local knowledge. This collaboration now forms the UK’s Flood Forecasting Centre.
The duty to communicate with the public
The legislation places a duty on all Category 1 responders to:-
1. make the public aware of the risks of emergencies and how these responders are prepared to deal with them; and
2. warn the public that an emergency has occurred, or is about to occur.
Alerting
• Variety of alerting systems are already in place in the UK.
• No single system is sufficient for all scenarios.
• Integrated warning and informing packages are needed to
reach the highest percentage of the “population at risk”.
• CCS is exploring scope for a national alerting capability.
3. Building a culture of safety and resilience
a. National public awareness strategyb. Educational curricula
Hyogo Framework for Action: priority 3 indicators
Putting into the public domain information about emergency preparedness and response issues
• Publication of the National Risk Register
• Publication of Community Risk Registers
• Establishing web-site pages
• Issuing leaflets to raise awareness
• Working with schools
4. Reducing the risks in key sectors
a. Environmental protection, management and climate changeb. Addressing needs of vulnerable groupsc. Land-use planning and regulationd. Critical infrastructure protectione. Assessing major infrastructure project proposals
Hyogo Framework for Action: priority 4 indicators
Protecting critical national infrastructure
Working together to
provide suitable
protection
Owner/operators of infrastructure (mainly Private Sector)
Security adviserse.g. CPNI & Police CTSA (Physical, Electronic & Personnel)
Government Departments lead for their sector (Home Office co-ordinate)
Tripartite approach to protective security
Reduce vulnerability through proportionate measures:Physical measures e.g. police, barriersElectronic measuresPersonnel screening
Vulnerability of critical infrastructure: Summer 2007 floods
Impacts on critical infrastructure:
• 350,000 people without clean water for up to 17 days
• 42,000 people without power in Gloucester for 24 hours
• 10,000 people trapped on M5 Motorway overnight
• Many others stranded on the rail network
• Hospitals, schools and care homes affected
5. Strengthening preparedness for response
a. Independent assessment of preparedness capacities and mechanisms
b. Planning at all levels with regular exercise-based trainingc. Ensuring effective disaster preparedness and response at
all levelsd. Resources to support effective response and recoverye. Procedures for review and for learning lessons
Hyogo Framework for Action: priority 5 indicators
Single & multi-agency civil protection training
• Fire Service College
– Urban search & rescue
– Hazardous chemical/substance incidents
– CBRN decontamination
– Senior incident command
• Police National CBRN Centre
– CBRN practical & tactical skills
– CBRN incident command training
• National Police College
– Senior incident command
EPC
NPCCBRNC
FSC
National-level exercise activities, 2008-2011
2008Amber Glass – Fuel ShortageGreen Star – CBRN Recovery2009Saxon Shore – CBRN ResponseWhite Noise – Mass Telecoms Failure2010Avogadro – Gas ShortageCastle Rock – CBRN2011Watermark - Flooding
IDENTIFY
ASSESS
Evidence
NRARRA
CRR
NPA
RPA
An integrated approach across levels and sectors
NCS
NCS
PMPM PM
National
Regional
Local
CT
CT
HS – Horizon scanning
RI – Risk identification
NRA – National Risk Assessment
RRA – Regional Risk Assessment
CRR – Community Risk Register
NPA – National Planning Assumptions
RPA – Regional Planning Assumptions
CR – Capability Requirements
CT – Capability Targets
PM – Performance Management
NCS – National Capability Survey
LL – Lessons LearnedACT
REVIEW
CR
CR
CR
NCS
CT
HS
HS
HS
RI RI RI
LL
LL
LL
The HFA National Platform: roles and responsibilities
1. Develop national coordination mechanisms
2. Conduct baseline assessments on the status of disaster risk
reduction
3. Publish and up-date summaries of national programmes
4. Review national progress towards achieving the objectives
and priorities of HFA
5. Implement relevant international legal instruments
6. Integrate disaster risk reduction with climate change
strategies
UK integrated disaster management framework
Civil Contingencies Secretariat
Inter-ministerial committees
Line ministries / Government Departments
Regional Resilience Fora
Business Advisory Group for Civil Protection
Voluntary Sector Civil Protection Working
Party and Forum
Local Resilience Fora
Community-led civil society initiatives
Scientific and wider research-based expertise
HMG: the UK National
PlatformInternational coordination
Membership of regional organisations or entities in Europe
Key: membership of regionalorganisations or entities
Number
1
2
3
4
5
Thank you
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