Different types of tankers

Different types

of

Tankers

Until the 20th Century, ships generally, were all-purpose cargo vessels, with very little specialization. (With the exception of tank vessels which first appeared in the 1880s).

All cargoes were carried in general purpose holds or on deck.

Modern commercial vessels are designed and built to carry specific cargo types.

The names we give to the various vessel types reflect the type of cargo for which they are designed and built to carry. …. Example : Car Carriers , Bulk Carriers , Tankers etc

Specialization of ships

What is a ‘Tanker” ?

A tanker can be defined as

a

Ship designed to carry

liquid cargo in bulk.

Model of Gluckauf

Actual Length 300 ft, Displacement 2307 tons.

In 1886, the GLUCKAUF,a German Oil Tanker became the world's first true tank vessel with separate tanks for the carriage of oil, built into her hull.

The vessel was built by Tyneside Yards in Britain.

Making of World’s First true Tank vessel

But even within this generic type of a tank vessel, for commerce to be carried out effectively and various liquid commodities be moved across oceans, each tanker is specially designed to carry a particular type of liquid cargo, not just crude oil.

Various liquid cargoes carried today includes:

Petroleum products (Oil),

Chemicals

Liquified Natural Gas (LNG)

Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG),

Fruit Juice carriers

and yes, even wine!

Ship carrying crude oil or refined products

Oil Tankers

One of our modern double hull aframax crude oil tankers

M.T. Coral Sea

Chemical Tankers

Most chemical tankers :

1. Can also serve as product tankers.

2. Are equipped to carry several types of cargoes simultaneously.

A tanker vessel designed to carry chemicals, lube oils, vegetable & animal oils and other specialty liquids in smaller quantities on one

ship.

also sometimes called a Parcel tanker

More than 200 individual chemicals are traded on a seaborne basis today.

LNG Tankers

Cargo carried: Liquefied Natural Gas (mainly methane)Can be identified with 2 distinct type of tank

construction.

LNG Tanker with Membrane tanksLNG Tanker with Moss tanks

Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG, is transported at approximately –160ºC,

For shipment, gas is cooled and converted to liquid  and is then pumped aboard a tanker for transit in insulated tanks

LPG TankersCargo carried:

Liquefied Petroleum Gas, mainly butane and propane

For shipment, gas is cooled and converted to liquid  and is then pumped aboard a tanker for transit in insulated tanks

Liquefied Petroleum Gas, LPG, is transported at approximately –40ºC,

Cargo of fruit juice is carried in concentrated or natural condition.

Tanks are vertical freestanding cylindrical in shape and located in refrigerated holds.

For natural orange juice which is carried at a nominal 0ºC. The concentrate is loaded and transported at -10ºC

Fruit Juice Carriers

Carlos Fischer Orange Juice Carrier

What is an ‘Oil Tanker” ?

A Oil tanker can be defined as

a

Ship designed to carry crude oil or refined petroleum products

Types of Oil tankers

Broadly divided into two categories,depending on their trade

Crude Carrier Clean Product Carrier

Crude oil

Dirty Petroleum products (DPP) such as Fuel Oil, LSWR, Orimulsion.

Refined products. Clean Petroleum Products (CPP).

Such as Petrol, gasoline, Aviation Fuel, Kerosene Naptha,

A Oil Tanker fleet is divided in 6 main categories,

typically depending on their cargo carrying capacity.

Class Description Vessel size In Metric tons

ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier over 300,000

VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier over 200,000

SUEZMAX A ship that can pass through the Suez Canal 125,000 - 200,000

AFRAMAX Formerly known as LR2 or Long Range 2. 80,000 - 125,000

PANAMAX 

A ship that can pass through the Panama Canal formerly known as LR1 or Long Range 1.

50,000 - 80,000( 965 x 106 x 46 ft )

MR Medium Range 38,000 - 50,000

GP General Purpose under 38,000

Combination carrier:

Also called as OBO (OIL BULK AND ORE CARRIER)• An OBO has gas-tight holds which can load either bulk cargoes such as ore and coal or crude oil.  • These ships can be recognised because of the construction on deck. They carry a row of hatches to load and discharge the bulk cargo and also have smaller hatches and the associated pipe work to load oil.

Other type of tankers…….

A Shuttle Tanker

is a tanker carrying oil from offshore fields to terminals.

Floating Production, Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO),

It is usually a large tanker often a converted old VLCC, (but now brand new specialized FPSOs are being built) specifically designed for the oil industry, working offshore where an onshore facility to process and store offshore oil is deemed impractical.

DWT-247,471MT

Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)

Suez Max

DWT-147,748 MT

AFRAMAX

DWT-105,665MT

PANAMAX

DWT-69,999MT

Medium range tankers (MR)

DWT-41,476 MT

Floating , Storage and Offloading unit (FSO).

Location: Bungo Raya Oil Field, In Gulf of Thailand

Ex-Ross Sea

The largest ship ever constructed - supertanker Jahre Viking

At present she is performing as FSO at Al-Saheen Terminal, Qatar in Arabian Gulf

DWT-564,763 MT

Cargo Oil Tanks

Water Ballast tanks (J-Shaped) protecting the cargo oil tanks

Cargo Oil / Water ballast Tanks

Single Hull Tankers Double Hull Tankers

Safety concerns and international regulation have encouraged a trend to build double-hulled tankers, in the belief that the hull having two skins will minimize pollution in the event of an accident.

Oil tankers are also described depending the type of their

construction

Thank You