Designing a home

Designing a Home

© PDST Home Economics

Definitions

Shelter means anything that protects or shields

Shelter is a basic physical need which varies with climate and other conditions

A house becomes a home when it is occupied by people and their possessions

A Home A home is much more than just shelter it

provides for all our needs. Physical Needs: Food, warmth, shelter and

clothes. Emotional Needs: Love, security, protection and

privacy. Social Needs: where we learn to interact with

others, communicate, share and co-operate.

Types of HousingChoice of housing will be restricted by budget and needs.

Choice of housing is influenced by cost, size, location, style

Houses: single storey (bungalow), dormer bungalow, storeyand a half, two storey, detached, semi-detached, terraced.Apartment/Flat: vary in size and design usually selfcontained.Bedsit: one room divided into living and sleeping areas,single person.Mobile Home/Caravan: may be permanent or temporary.Sheltered Housing Schemes: purpose built housing fordisabled or elderly with caretaker in charge.

Design A Design is a plan or

sketch for the making of something, e.g. a house, a garment.

Characteristics of good design are:

Functional Safe Durable Attractive

Features of Design

Colour Shape Texture Pattern Line

Colour Colour can effect emotions of people in a

room and the atmosphere in a room. Classes of colour: Primary: red, yellow, blue. Secondary: mixing 2 primary colours, green,

purple, orange. Tertiary: mixing a primary and a secondary

colour, e.g. blue + green = turqoise.

Colour Wheel

Colour A tint is a colour lightened by adding white A shade is a colour darkened by adding black Warm colours: create warm atmosphere, use in

small amounts, red, orange, pink. Neutral colours: often used as background for

other colours, black, white and shades of these, shades of cream and beige are also used as neutrals.

Pastel colours: these are pale soft shades of blue, green, yellow, pink, used in bedrooms and nurseries.

Effect of colours

Texture Texture refers to how an object feels to the

touch, rough, smooth, hard, soft, cold warm.

Smooth textures are hygienic, cold, reflect light and noise.

Rough textures are warmer, softer, cosy, harder to clean, absorb light and sound.

Texture

Texture

Line Line is used to create optical illusions by

appearing to change the shape of something.

Diagonal lines suggest movement and are dramatic.

Horizontal lines make objects look wider.

Vertical lines make objects look thinner and taller.

Curved lines gentle and relaxing

Line

Shape

Shape means the outline of an object

Basic shapes are square, circular, rectangular, triangular.

Shape

Pattern Adds variety Needs to be

used carefully Over use can

make room fussy and crowded, a room without pattern can be boring.

Pattern

Pattern

Principles of Design Balance

Proportion

Emphasis

Rhythm

Balance Balance means that all features of

the design work well together, colour, pattern and texture.

Balance

Emphasis Emphasis means

drawing attention o a particular feature in a room.

Can be done using lighting, colour, pattern, shape.

Adds interest to a room.

Proportion When

furniture and features in a room relate to each in size and relate to the size of the room. http://www.flickr.

com/photos/hownowdesign/

Rhythm Rhythm means

the repeated use of a colour pattern and texture in a room.

It gives harmony and unity to the room

Considerations when Room Planning1. Size and shape of the room, make full use of

space.2.Functions and amount of use.3.Position of fixtures, windows, furniture,

fireplace, radiators.4.Aspect (direction window faces) effects amount

of natural light and warmth.5.Enough storage & furniture for functions of room

without being cluttered.6.Traffic flow, movement of people around the

room.

A well planned room is Functional

Safe

Comfortable

Attractive

Well lit

Well heated

Well ventilated

Easy to keep clean

Floor planA)Sketch of a room drawn to scale on graph

paper.

A)Shows position of fixtures, windows, doors, fireplace, radiators.

A)Furniture drawn to scale can be cut out and moved around on the sketch to find best location.

Decorating a Room

1. Order of work.2.Decide on colour scheme.3.Choose floor covering.4.Remove all furniture and fittings.5.Carry out necessary repairs.6.Sand and wash all surfaces allow to dry well.7.Cover any surfaces that need protection.8.Decorate in order of ceiling, woodwork, walls.9.When décor is dry put down floor covering

and arrange furniture.

BedroomsArea Option

Floor Wooden sanded sealed, vinyl (children), carpet.

Walls Paint, wall paper

Furniture Bed, locker, bookcase, desk, chair storage unit or wardrobe, dressing table, chest of drawers.

Soft furniture Curtains, blinds, duvet covers, rugs, lampshades,

Lighting Window, central fitting, bedside, desk, mirror.

Ventilation Window

Heating Radiator or portable electric heater

Planning Kitchens

ConsiderSize and shape of room.Layout taking into account work

sequence and work triangle.Hygiene and safety.Ventilation, heating, lighting.Enough storage and work surfaces.

The work sequence The main work in the kitchen is food preparation.

Food preparation follows a logical sequence.1 Food storage2 Food preparation.3 Cooking food4 Serving food Kitchen units and equipment should be laid out

with this sequence in mind.

Kitchen – work sequence

The work triangle The work triangle

involves placing the fridge, sink and cooker at the 3 points of an imaginary triangle.

This arrangement reduces the amounts of walking involved in preparing food and therefore saves time and energy.