Designing a Home © PDST Home Economics
Jul 10, 2015
Designing a Home
© PDST Home Economics
Definitions
Shelter means anything that protects or shields
Shelter is a basic physical need which varies with climate and other conditions
A house becomes a home when it is occupied by people and their possessions
A Home A home is much more than just shelter it
provides for all our needs. Physical Needs: Food, warmth, shelter and
clothes. Emotional Needs: Love, security, protection and
privacy. Social Needs: where we learn to interact with
others, communicate, share and co-operate.
Types of HousingChoice of housing will be restricted by budget and needs.
Choice of housing is influenced by cost, size, location, style
Houses: single storey (bungalow), dormer bungalow, storeyand a half, two storey, detached, semi-detached, terraced.Apartment/Flat: vary in size and design usually selfcontained.Bedsit: one room divided into living and sleeping areas,single person.Mobile Home/Caravan: may be permanent or temporary.Sheltered Housing Schemes: purpose built housing fordisabled or elderly with caretaker in charge.
Design A Design is a plan or
sketch for the making of something, e.g. a house, a garment.
Characteristics of good design are:
Functional Safe Durable Attractive
Features of Design
Colour Shape Texture Pattern Line
Colour Colour can effect emotions of people in a
room and the atmosphere in a room. Classes of colour: Primary: red, yellow, blue. Secondary: mixing 2 primary colours, green,
purple, orange. Tertiary: mixing a primary and a secondary
colour, e.g. blue + green = turqoise.
Colour Wheel
Colour A tint is a colour lightened by adding white A shade is a colour darkened by adding black Warm colours: create warm atmosphere, use in
small amounts, red, orange, pink. Neutral colours: often used as background for
other colours, black, white and shades of these, shades of cream and beige are also used as neutrals.
Pastel colours: these are pale soft shades of blue, green, yellow, pink, used in bedrooms and nurseries.
Effect of colours
Texture Texture refers to how an object feels to the
touch, rough, smooth, hard, soft, cold warm.
Smooth textures are hygienic, cold, reflect light and noise.
Rough textures are warmer, softer, cosy, harder to clean, absorb light and sound.
Texture
Texture
Line Line is used to create optical illusions by
appearing to change the shape of something.
Diagonal lines suggest movement and are dramatic.
Horizontal lines make objects look wider.
Vertical lines make objects look thinner and taller.
Curved lines gentle and relaxing
Line
Shape
Shape means the outline of an object
Basic shapes are square, circular, rectangular, triangular.
Shape
Pattern Adds variety Needs to be
used carefully Over use can
make room fussy and crowded, a room without pattern can be boring.
Pattern
Pattern
Principles of Design Balance
Proportion
Emphasis
Rhythm
Balance Balance means that all features of
the design work well together, colour, pattern and texture.
Balance
Emphasis Emphasis means
drawing attention o a particular feature in a room.
Can be done using lighting, colour, pattern, shape.
Adds interest to a room.
Proportion When
furniture and features in a room relate to each in size and relate to the size of the room. http://www.flickr.
com/photos/hownowdesign/
Rhythm Rhythm means
the repeated use of a colour pattern and texture in a room.
It gives harmony and unity to the room
Considerations when Room Planning1. Size and shape of the room, make full use of
space.2.Functions and amount of use.3.Position of fixtures, windows, furniture,
fireplace, radiators.4.Aspect (direction window faces) effects amount
of natural light and warmth.5.Enough storage & furniture for functions of room
without being cluttered.6.Traffic flow, movement of people around the
room.
A well planned room is Functional
Safe
Comfortable
Attractive
Well lit
Well heated
Well ventilated
Easy to keep clean
Floor planA)Sketch of a room drawn to scale on graph
paper.
A)Shows position of fixtures, windows, doors, fireplace, radiators.
A)Furniture drawn to scale can be cut out and moved around on the sketch to find best location.
Decorating a Room
1. Order of work.2.Decide on colour scheme.3.Choose floor covering.4.Remove all furniture and fittings.5.Carry out necessary repairs.6.Sand and wash all surfaces allow to dry well.7.Cover any surfaces that need protection.8.Decorate in order of ceiling, woodwork, walls.9.When décor is dry put down floor covering
and arrange furniture.
BedroomsArea Option
Floor Wooden sanded sealed, vinyl (children), carpet.
Walls Paint, wall paper
Furniture Bed, locker, bookcase, desk, chair storage unit or wardrobe, dressing table, chest of drawers.
Soft furniture Curtains, blinds, duvet covers, rugs, lampshades,
Lighting Window, central fitting, bedside, desk, mirror.
Ventilation Window
Heating Radiator or portable electric heater
Planning Kitchens
ConsiderSize and shape of room.Layout taking into account work
sequence and work triangle.Hygiene and safety.Ventilation, heating, lighting.Enough storage and work surfaces.
The work sequence The main work in the kitchen is food preparation.
Food preparation follows a logical sequence.1 Food storage2 Food preparation.3 Cooking food4 Serving food Kitchen units and equipment should be laid out
with this sequence in mind.
Kitchen – work sequence
The work triangle The work triangle
involves placing the fridge, sink and cooker at the 3 points of an imaginary triangle.
This arrangement reduces the amounts of walking involved in preparing food and therefore saves time and energy.