Deep Tendon Reflexes

Deep Tendon ReflexesKimberly Victorian, RN, BSN

Sheeba Jacob, RN, BSN

Objectives Understand and define deep tendon

reflexes Distinguish between hyper and hypo-tonic

deep tendon reflexes Gain a basic knowledge of DTR grading Understand how to do a DTR examination Identify different DTRs Identify different diseases that may

manifest by an alteration in DTRs

Definition Normal process when muscle tendon is

tapped briskly Muscle contracts due to a two-neuron

reflex arc involving the spinal or brainstem segment that innervates the muscle

Afferent neuron innervates the muscle or golgi tendon organ associated with the muscles

Cerebral cortex and some brainstem nuclei exert influence over the sensory input of muscle spindles

Hyper VS Hypo-reflexia Hypo – absent or diminished

response to tapping. Disease involving one or more of the components of the two-neuron

Hyper – hyperactive or repeating (clonic) reflexes. Diseases involving an interuption of corticospinal and other descending pathways that influence the reflex arc due to a suprasegmental lesion

Grading Grading based on varied degree of

response Grade 0 Grade 1+ Grade 2+ Grade 3+ Grade 4+

Grading Reflex 0: absent reflex 1+: trace, or seen only with

reinforcement 2+: normal 3+: brisk 4+: nonsustained clonus (i.e.,

repetitive vibratory movements) 5+: sustained clonus

Examination Examine upper extremity reflexes

with upper examination Abnormality found or suspected take

into account the entire group with focus on the technique of the examination

Assure patient is relaxed

Method of Eliciting Reflexes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W

GNCXqa-y3o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hv

kT08HYEbM http://video.google.com/videoplay?do

cid=-4041078352780880433&ei=IijsSoWBBpLiqgLskeHLAQ&q=deep+tendon+reflexes&hl=en#

Physical Maturity Infants Children Adults

Examples of Reflexes Jaw Jerk Biceps reflex Triceps reflex Brachioradialis reflex Finger jerk Knee Jerk Ankle jerk

Testing Reflex http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M

VH9qmd-xgc&feature=related  

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXNeNpmw9yE&feature=related

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hOSkmDYAR4&feature=related

Disease Processes Absent reflex causes:

– Peripheral neuropathy – Alcoholism– Vitamin deficiencies– Diabetes

Clonus or Hyper-active reflexes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XWmpBz4BVo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liE9fVMYZPU&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWKTrUjxkqs&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWzsAvF7M0k&feature=related

Summary Definition Hypo VS Hyper-active reflexes Grading Examination Examples Diseases

DTR Test Of the following, what best defines a

deep tendon reflex– A. a specific bundle of nerve fibers– B. an unintended muscle spasm– C. a normal process that occurs when

the tendon is tapped

Answer 1 C.

DTR Test True or False

A hypo-tonic deep tendon reflex is indicated by an absent or diminished response to tapping

Answer True

DTR Test True or False

There are 5 grades of Deep tendon reflexes

Answer 3 True

DTR test What portion of the examination is

most important to keep in mind?A. The maturity of the patientB. Assure patient is relaxedC. Mental cognition of the patient

Answer 4 B.

DTR Test Identify which of the following is not

a DTRA. Ankle jerkB. Jaw jerkC. Finger jerkD. Ear skip

Answer 5 D.

DTR Test True or False

Diabetes is associated with absent or hypo-tonic DTRs

Answer 6 True

Resources Walker, K . (1990). Clinical Methods,

The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Retrieved October 20, 2009 from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=cm&part=A2361