CURRENT STATUS, ISSUES, AND GAPS ON …...•Freshwater and marine aquaculture are mainly for domestic consumption. New trends in Aquaculture Development in Cambodia Rice fish culture

20-22 August 2018 at Centara Grand Central Ladprao, Bangkok, Thailand

Mr. KHAN Chan Dara & Mr. CHHORN Sokleang

Department of Aquaculture Development, Fisheries Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cambodia

CURRENT STATUS, ISSUES, AND GAPS ON AQUATIC

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SYSTEMS

PRACTICED BY CAMBODIA

Cambodia’s inland and marine waters

THAILAND LAO PDR

VIET NAM

Floodplain

The Great Lake

Mekong

Mekong

Floodplain

Spawning

Foraging

- Coastline of 435 km

-Total area of 181,035 km2

-Capital city: Phnom Penh

-Population: ~16 millions

Tonle Sap Lake

Cambodian freshwater fishes

More than 500 species were identified

Mekong Giant barb

(max. 200 cm) Mekong Giant catfish

(max. 300 cm)

Giant freshwater sting-ray (max. 400 cm) 4

Dolphin of the Mekong, Irrawady dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris)

Marine Species

Marine fish species: 700 and other marine life

5

Destruction of Flooded Forest

• Clear flooded forest areas for crop cultivation Cutting flooded forest for firewood

Building Dike within the flooded forest area

6

Emerging Issues

Impacts of climate change

Electro-cute fishing gears

Rat Tail Traps

7 Hydro Power Dam

Mosquito net fishing gear

Illegal trawling

Introduction • Aquaculture development becomes increasingly

important to fulfill the declining capture fishery production especially for food security and economy.

• Aquaculture production accounts for about 20% of the country’s total fish production. • Aquaculture production 2017: 207,443 tonnes

• Aquaculture production 2016: 172,500 tonnes

• The main aquaculture production produced from inland aquaculture accounts for nearly 90%.

• Freshwater and marine aquaculture are mainly for domestic consumption.

New trends in Aquaculture Development in Cambodia

Rice fish culture

Areas of freshwater cage culture distribution, 2016 6,681 cages (160,344 m3)

50% of total aquaculture production

originates from cage culture practiced

with 4 main species including :

Common native freshwater cultured species

Note: P: pond; FC: floating cage; RF: rice field; WS: Wild seed; HS: Hatchery seed

Giant snakehead

WS,HS/P, FC Striped snakehead

HS/P, FC

Climbing perch

HS/P

Striped catfish

WS ,HS/P, FC

Silver barb

HS/ P

Spoted-ear catfish

WS ,HS /P, FC

Frog

HS/P

Eel caultur

HS/ P

Freshwater Exotic Cultured Species

Note: P: pond; FC: floating cage; RF: rice field; WS: Wild seed; HS: Hatchery seed

Red Tilapia

HS/P, FC

Common Carp

HS/P

Silver Carp

HS/P

Hybrid catfish

HS/P, FC, T

Black Tilapia

HS/P, FC

Indian Carp(Mrigal)

HS/P

Trash fish for feeding some carnivorous species

Aquaculture Seed Supply in Cambodia

-Increasing from 20 millions (2000s) to around 180 millions (2015)

-55% of seed imported, 13% sourced from wild and 32% sourced

from both Cambodian state and private hatcheries

o National competent authority’s monitoring system/mechanism

on emerging/existing transboundary diseases in the country is

not yet effective

o The official list of national transboundary diseases of aquatic

animals is not yet available at the present time

o The Council of Ministers of Cambodia officially has acepted

the request for having agriculture, fisheries, livestock

competent authority (CA) at the border checkpoint including

ports and airports since 14 February 2017 (Not yet implemented

effectively)

Early Warning System

Major Concerned Diseases of Aquatic Animals

Finfish Diseases Status Level of

diagnosis Affected Species

1.Infection with Aphanomyces invadans (EUS) + I, II Silver barb, Striped snakehead, Giant

snakehead, Marble goby, Walking catfish

2.Koi herpesvirus disease (KHV) ***

3. Grouper iridoviral disease (GIV) ***

4. Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VNN) + III Asian seabass

5. Enteric septicaemia of catfish (ESC) ? I, II Striped Catfish

6. Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) 0000

Crustacean Diseases Status Level of

diagnosis Affected species

1. Infection with Taura syndrome virus (TSV) (1999)

I

Penaeus vannamei

2. Infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) (1999) I

Penaeus vannamei

3. Infection with yellow head virus (YHV) (1999)

I

Penaeus vannamei

4. Infection with infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic

(IHHNV) 0000

5. Infection with Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (WTD) - I

Macrobrachium rosenbergii

6. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) or (EMS) (2011-2013) I

Penaeus monodon

7. Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) Disease (1999)

I

Penaeus monodon

Penaeus vannamei

Major Concerned Diseases of Aquatic Animals

Early Detection System

o In case there is a disease outbreak or suspicion, officers of

Fisheries Administration Cantonment of each province, have to

contact the Aquatic Animal Health officers at the national level

(Fisheries Administration) and send suspected/ diseased AA

samples for further diagnosis

o With some financial support from the Eroupean Union ,

provincial fisheries officers of 8 targeted provinces collect,

prepare and submit diseased fish samples and some relevant

information from those provinces to AADHM officers at the

national level for performing diagnosis.

o Result of disease diagnosis is recorded and

reported to provincial officers (Fisheries

Administration Cantonment) for taking right

actions to solve the occurring aquatic animal

diseases.

o Aquatic Animal Disease and Health

Management officers at the national level also

collect diseased fish samples for disease

diagnosis from 10 targeted provinces under

their Fish health monitoring program

Province Farm Culture System

Year

Pond Cage

Kampong Chhnang 17 10 7 2016

Kandal 16 16 0 2016

Banteay Meachey 14 14 0 2017-2018

Battambang 18 14 4 2017-2018

Kampong Thom 18 9 9 2017-2018

Kampong Cham 9 6 3 2018

Pursat 14 6 8 2018

Prev Veng 9 6 3 2018

Takeo 13 13 0 2018

Preah Sihanouk 11 11 0 2018

Total 139 105 34

10 Target Provinces Under National Fish

Disease & Health Monitoring Program

The Activities of Fish Disease & Health Monitoring

Program in 10 provinces

Kandal Province 2016 EU OPE2

The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health

Monitoring Program in 10 provinces

Kampong Chhnang Province 2016 EU OPE2

The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health

Monitoring Program in 10 provinces

Battambang Province 2017-2018 EU OPE3

The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health

Monitoring Program in 10 provinces

Kampong Thom Province 2017-2018 EU OPE3

The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health

Monitoring Program in 10 provinces

Banteay Meanchey Province 2017-2018 EU

OPE3

The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health

Monitoring Program in 10 provinces

Kampong Cham Province 2018 EU OPE3

The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health

Monitoring Program in 10 provinces

Pursat Province 2018 EU OPE3

The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health

Monitoring Program in 10 provinces

Takeo Province 2018 EU OPE3

The Activities of Freshwater Fish Disease & Health

Monitoring Program in 10 provinces

Prey Veng Province 2018 EU OPE3

Training Activities of Fish Disease & Health Management FiAC officers & farmers of Battambang & Kandal province, 2015

Activities of TOT Training on Fish Disease, Health & Pond

Water Quality Management Nationwide Agricultural Extension Officers , 2016

Training Activities of Fish Disease & Health Management Students of Faculty of Fisheries, 2017

Activities of TOT Training on Fish Disease, Health & Pond

Water Quality Management AAHDM FiAC officers of 8 EU funded provinces, 2017

Training Course On Health Management of Freshwater Fish Organized by: (SEAFDEC/AQD), Tigbauan 5021, Iloilo, Philippines

Place of training: MARDeC, Preah Sihanouk, Cambodia

Disease Reporting System

o OIE

o NACA

o ANNAHC

Not regularly submit quarterly reports

to the above organizations due insufficient

reporting personnel, diagnostic

capability/capacity & finance

o Capacity of Aquatic animal health laboratory is limited not able to

detect and identify all diseases (OIE and NACA listed)

o Level I and II (excluding histopathology, mycology etc) could be

performed but not effectively and not for all species whereas level

III, it is not yet effectively performed due to the lack of facilities,

skills and knowledge.

Laboratory Diagnostic Capability & Capacity

Laboratory & Diagnostic Capabilities

Marine Aquaculture Research and Development Center

(MARDeC)

Fish Disease Diagnosis Aquatic Animal Health Lab, MARDeC

Trichodina sp. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Epistylis

Fish Parasitic Pathogens Diagnosed at MARDeC

Gyrodactylus sp. Dactylogyrus sp. Argulus sp. Lernaea sp.

Apisoma

Aphanomyces invadans

Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome Saprolegnia sp. Henneguya sp.

Acanthocephalan Fish tapeworm

Cryptocaryon irritans Tetraonchus sp.

Dactylogyrus sp. Rocinela maculata

Lepeohtheirus Salmonis

Hirudinea sp. Benedinea sp.

Red spot disease

Aeromonas hydrophila , A. sobria and A. Caviae

Fish Bacterial Pathogens Diagnosed at MARDeC

Giant snakehead, Channa micropeltes and Pangasius

(BNP) infected by Edwardsiella ictaluri

StreptococcusSp. VibrioSpp.

References for Aquatic Animal Disease and Health

Management

Early Response System

The Fisheries Administration (FiA) under Ministry of Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries is accountable for Aquatic Emergency

Preparedness and Response Systems for effective management of

aquatic animal disease outbreaks

o However, national intervention frameworks and standard operating

procedures are not yet created for effective actions on:

o Identification of a disease emergency,

o Identification of risks associated with the suspected

pathogen,

o Confirmation of the aetiology / etiologic agent of the

disease,

o Formulation of control options

To minimize the outbreaks and spread of aquatic

transboundary diseases in Cambodia and Southeast Asia,

the Fisheries Administration, Ministry of Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries has been initiating and enacting:

1. Proper registration and lisening of aquatic animal farming

and trading both national/international

2. Practice Good Aquaculture Practices, known as GAqP

3. Improve Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory and Staff

Capacity Buidling. In mid June 2018, the Office of Aquatic

Animal Disease and Health Management was officially

created under the Department of Aquaculture Development

5. Issuance Quality Seal

of good aquatic animal

products from

Department of Post-

Havest Technologies and

Quality Control of

Fisheries Administration

4. Law enforcement on legislations and SOPs for movement and

quarantine of aquatic animals.

6. Inpection and

issuance of Health

Certificate

To control quality of

either imported or

exported aquatic

animals and other

fishery products

Article 67 in Chapter 12 of Cambodia law on

fisheries (2006) states that commercial imports of

fishery products can be taken place, when there are:

1. A license issued by the head of the Central

Fisheries Administration.

2. A license issued by the CITES Management

Authority of exporting country for endangered

fishery products although it is not for commercial

purposes.

3. A quality control certificate in fishery

pathology issued by exporting country.

ASEAN Guidelines

o Law on Fisheries

o Statement of Royal Cambodian Government on National Fisheries Sector Policy

o Strategic Planning Framework for fisheries 2010-19

o National Strategic Plan for aquaculture development 2014 – 2030

o Decision letter on order of aquaculture technical practices (GAqP)

Legal And Technical Documents

o Code of Conduct of FAO on Aquaculture and Responsibilities Practices in Fisheries

o Training documents on GAqP for disseminating through teaching and meeting

o Health Certification on Good quality of Fisheries Products for exporting

Legal And Technical Documents

To improve Cambodia’s transboundary disease control and management of

live aquatic animal movement , The Royal Government of Cambodia needs:

Conclusion and Way forward

o Cambodia’s Aquatic Emergency Preparedness and Response Systems for

effective management of aquatic animal disease outbreaks are not yet effective

due to some constrains as aforementioned.

o Cambodia needs both technical and financial assistance, regional and

international collaborations for effective self development of Aquatic

Emergency Preparedness and Response Systems capability and

capacity to effectively manage the aquatic animal disease outbreaks

o Cambodia needs the improvement, amendment and enforcement of laws,

regulations, legislations and SOPs for transboundary disease control and

management of live aquatic animal movement on timely manner.

សូមអរគុណ! Thank You So Much for Your Attention ! • Office of Aquatic Animal Disease and Health Management

• Department of Aquaculture Development,

• Fisheries Administration, Cambodia