Culture A Matter of Perspective. What is Culture?
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CultureCulture
A Matter of PerspectiveA Matter of Perspective
What is Culture?What is Culture?
Music?Music?
Food?Food?
Clothing?Clothing?
Race?Race?
Material CultureMaterial Culture
Many times, what is thought of as culture is Many times, what is thought of as culture is only its outward manifestation.only its outward manifestation.
Music, food, race and clothing are material Music, food, race and clothing are material culture. culture.
They are things that we can see, touch or They are things that we can see, touch or taste.taste.
Non-material cultureNon-material culture
Non-material Non-material cultural is ideas, cultural is ideas, beliefs and values beliefs and values that influence that influence material culture.material culture.
Religion and language Religion and language are examples are examples
of non-material cultureof non-material culture
Cultural RootsCultural Roots
Our collective Our collective opinions, attitudes, opinions, attitudes, values and beliefs values and beliefs influence such things influence such things as laws, customs and as laws, customs and holidays.holidays.
Culture as a LensCulture as a Lens
Culture is like a Culture is like a distorted lens that we distorted lens that we see the world through.see the world through.
Everyone’s lens is Everyone’s lens is distorted to some distorted to some extent.extent.
Not Me?Not Me?
Chances are, you have an Chances are, you have an opinion about this guy. Your opinion about this guy. Your opinion reveals the distortion opinion reveals the distortion of your cultural lens.of your cultural lens.
U.S. Culture : local (national) scaleU.S. Culture : local (national) scaleAll people have a tendency to reinforcetheir own values and beiefs. Culture is often dictated by the characteristics and values of the dominant group. What are the characteristics and values of America?
White, White, male, attractive, rich, athletic, educatedEnglish languageProtestant
NameName GenderGender EthnicityEthnicity religionreligion
WashingtonWashington MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
AdamsAdams MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
JeffersonJefferson MaleMale WelshWelsh ProtestantProtestant
MadisonMadison MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
MonroeMonroe MaleMale ScotchScotch ProtestantProtestant
AdamsAdams MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
JacksonJackson MaleMale Scotch-IrishScotch-Irish ProtestantProtestant
Van BurenVan Buren MaleMale DutchDutch ProtestantProtestant
HenryHenry MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
TylerTyler MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
Polk Polk MaleMale Scotch-IrishScotch-Irish ProtestantProtestant
NameName GenderGender EthnicityEthnicity ReligionReligion
TaylorTaylor MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
FillmoreFillmore Male Male EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
Pierce Pierce MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
BuchananBuchanan MaleMale Scotch-IrishScotch-Irish ProtestantProtestant
LincolnLincoln MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
JohnsonJohnson Male Male EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
GrantGrant MaleMale Scotch-IrishScotch-Irish ProtestantProtestant
HayesHayes MaleMale ScotchScotch ProtestantProtestant
GarfieldGarfield MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
ArthurArthur MaleMale Scotch-IrishScotch-Irish ProtestantProtestant
ClevelandCleveland MaleMale English, IrishEnglish, Irish ProtestantProtestant
NameName GenderGender EthnicityEthnicity ReligionReligion
HarrisonHarrison MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
MckinleyMckinley Male Male Scotch-IrishScotch-Irish ProtestantProtestant
RooseveltRoosevelt MaleMale DutchDutch ProtestantProtestant
TaftTaft Male Male EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
WilsonWilson MaleMale Scotch-IrishScotch-Irish ProtestantProtestant
HardingHarding MaleMale English-DutchEnglish-Dutch ProtestantProtestant
CollidgeCollidge MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
HooverHoover MaleMale Swiss-GermanSwiss-German ProtestantProtestant
RooseveltRoosevelt MaleMale DutchDutch ProtestantProtestant
TrumanTruman MaleMale English, ScotchEnglish, Scotch ProtestantProtestant
EisenhowerEisenhower MaleMale Swiss-GermanSwiss-German ProtestantProtestant
KennedyKennedy Male Male IrishIrish Roman CatholicRoman Catholic
NameName GenderGender EthnicityEthnicity ReligionReligion
JohnsonJohnson MaleMale English, English, Scotch-IrishScotch-Irish
ProtestantProtestant
NixonNixon MaleMale English English Scotch-IrishScotch-Irish
ProtestantProtestant
FordFord MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
CarterCarter MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
ReaganReagan MaleMale English IrishEnglish Irish ProtestantProtestant
BushBush MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
ClintonClinton Male Male English IrishEnglish Irish ProtestantProtestant
BushBush MaleMale EnglishEnglish ProtestantProtestant
Total maleTotal male Northern Northern EuropeEurope
ProtestantProtestant
4343 4343 4242
Hegemony and MarginalizationHegemony and Marginalization
Unfortunately, those Unfortunately, those who do not share the who do not share the characteristics of the characteristics of the dominant group often dominant group often feel that they don’t fit feel that they don’t fit in. in.
They are pushed away They are pushed away from the center of from the center of power into the power into the margins. This is called margins. This is called marginalization.marginalization.
Hegemony and LanguageHegemony and Language
If language were a If language were a truck, then culture truck, then culture would be it’s cargo.would be it’s cargo.
Languages are Languages are embedded with all embedded with all kinds of culture.kinds of culture.
Japanese Language and CultureJapanese Language and Culture
Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan was a feudal society. They had a caste was a feudal society. They had a caste system that held each social class in system that held each social class in it’s place.it’s place.
The Japanese have several different The Japanese have several different levels of speech depending on who levels of speech depending on who they are talking to.they are talking to.
When meeting someone for the first When meeting someone for the first time, it is custom to present someone time, it is custom to present someone with a business card that has your with a business card that has your name, company name and rank in the name, company name and rank in the company so that they know what level company so that they know what level of speech to use.of speech to use.
Feudal LordFeudal Lord
SamuraiSamurai
ArtisansArtisans
Merchants Merchants
PeasantsPeasants
UntouchablesUntouchables
Marginalization and Martial ArtsMarginalization and Martial Arts
Martial Arts is fighting Martial Arts is fighting without traditional without traditional weapons. In most feudal weapons. In most feudal societies, the only class societies, the only class that was allowed to own a that was allowed to own a weapon was the warrior weapon was the warrior class. Because they often class. Because they often abused their power, the abused their power, the peasants created forms of peasants created forms of fighting to protect fighting to protect themselves. They adapted themselves. They adapted weapons from farm tools.weapons from farm tools.
Extreme DistortionExtreme Distortion
At its worst, At its worst, marginalizaiton takes marginalizaiton takes the form of hatred, the form of hatred, racism, chauvenism, racism, chauvenism, homophobia, sizeism, homophobia, sizeism, religious persecution religious persecution and any other act by and any other act by those with distorted those with distorted lenses to reinforce lenses to reinforce their own valuestheir own values
Core Periphery ModelCore Periphery Model: Global Scale: Global ScaleThe core periphery model explains how some countries are more powerful than others. Specifically, countries north and south of 30 degrees latitude are at the core, while those between the equator to 30 degrees north and south are on the periphery. In other words, those at the core are hegemonic and exploit/marginalize those on the periphery.
CORE
Anglo-AmericaWestern Europe, Japan
Australia, South Korea
China
Middle East
South Asia
S. EastAsia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America
See also: World Systems Analysis
Core-Periphery ModelCore-Periphery Model
Genocide Genocide
At it’s worst, an entire cultureCan have a distorted view ofAnother race, religion or genderThis was the case with the Holocaust, Genocide in Rwanda,Darfur, Palestinian conflict and many other atrocities.
World Conflict ZonesWorld Conflict Zones
Dark Blue=1000+ deaths per yearDark Blue=1000+ deaths per year Light Blue=10-1000 deaths per yearLight Blue=10-1000 deaths per year
Looking at the LensLooking at the Lens If our values and beliefs distort our view of If our values and beliefs distort our view of
reality, what are we to do? reality, what are we to do? Instead of always looking through the lens, Instead of always looking through the lens,
we should look at the lens from time to time. we should look at the lens from time to time. We should examine the way that our beliefs, We should examine the way that our beliefs,
attitudes, behavior and language affect other attitudes, behavior and language affect other people. If our examination reveals people. If our examination reveals something hurtful, we should make amends something hurtful, we should make amends and make a changeand make a change..
Response FormatResponse Format
Use the following format Use the following format to write what you learned to write what you learned from this lesson:from this lesson:
1.1. Summarize the main idea Summarize the main idea of the lesson.of the lesson.
2.2. Text to world: How does Text to world: How does this idea relate to the this idea relate to the world around you.world around you.
3.3. Text to self: Write your Text to self: Write your attitudes, opinions, attitudes, opinions, experiences about this experiences about this idea.idea.
Excerpts from reflection papersExcerpts from reflection papers
The culture goggles had the biggest impact on my life. The culture goggles had the biggest impact on my life. That lesson has completely changed the way I view the That lesson has completely changed the way I view the world. It really connected and hit home. I understand world. It really connected and hit home. I understand things about other cultures that I never would have before. things about other cultures that I never would have before. I really liked how you had something that was physical and I really liked how you had something that was physical and visual. It helps you remember things better when you use visual. It helps you remember things better when you use kinesthetic learning techniques. This lesson will definitely kinesthetic learning techniques. This lesson will definitely change my future outlook on other countries, religion and change my future outlook on other countries, religion and races. It gives me an understanding that I have never had races. It gives me an understanding that I have never had before.I always thought of how weird and different other before.I always thought of how weird and different other places are. However, I never stopped to think about how places are. However, I never stopped to think about how they viewed me. They probably think I’m weird! they viewed me. They probably think I’m weird!
Another excerptAnother excerpt
While learning about the earth’s structure is all well and While learning about the earth’s structure is all well and good, it’s not something that particularly captivated me. I, good, it’s not something that particularly captivated me. I, instead, was drawn to the political and social power aspect instead, was drawn to the political and social power aspect of our world. Power is what our world is based on today. of our world. Power is what our world is based on today. One group of people becomes dominant, and then their One group of people becomes dominant, and then their values and beliefs are reinforced by their power. If you do values and beliefs are reinforced by their power. If you do not possess the same values or standards as this group, not possess the same values or standards as this group, you are less influential, less important and less powerful. you are less influential, less important and less powerful. Many times, the classifications to be in the “group” are Many times, the classifications to be in the “group” are impossible to achieve. You cannot change who you are or impossible to achieve. You cannot change who you are or what you look like. If being white is what is “in,” being what you look like. If being white is what is “in,” being black is not something you change. We have to learn to black is not something you change. We have to learn to work with what we have and to love who we are.work with what we have and to love who we are.
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