CRYDERS_s16-alimentary-canal-and-accessory-organ Web viewPassageway of food, fluids, and air. Mucosa (innermost): stratified squamous ET. Mucous secreted from mucus producing glands
Post on 09-Feb-2018
215 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Alimentary Canal Chart
Organ Location Functions Cells & tissues Present
Enzymes secreted
Innervation Blood Supply
Mouth Oral canal; on face Mastication with teeth
and chemical breakdown of proteins via
salivary enzymes
Walls of mouth: Stratified squamous ETGums, hard palate, and
dorsum of tongue: keratinized stratified
squamous
Mouth injury: anti-microbial peptides
called defensins
Maxillary & mandibular branches of
trigeminal nerve
Sublingual artery, greater
& lesser palatine arteries
Pharynx Three subsections of the throat; posterior
Passageway of food, fluids,
and air
Mucosa (innermost): stratified squamous
ET
Mucous secreted from mucus
producing glands in mucosa
Vagus & glosso-pharyngeal nerves
External carotid & subclavian
arteries
Esophagus Muscular tube that passes through the mediastinum of the
thorax
Carries food to stomach
Mucosa (innermost): nonkeratinized
stratified squamous ET
Esophagus-stomach junction: changes to simple columnar ET
which is specialized for secretion
Submucosa: mucous secreting
esophageal glands, released when
bolus stimulates the esophagus as it
moves down, allowing it to act as a lubricant so
food can pass easily
Sympathetic: visceral branches or sympathetic trunk
(postganglionic fibers)
Parasympathetic: vagus nerve
(preganglionic fibers)
Esophageal branches of
thyroid artery, R bronchial
artery, thoracic aorta
Stomach Below the esophagus; upper left quadrant of
peritoneal cavity, hidden by liver and diaphragm
Chemical breakdown of
proteins begins and
food is converted into chime.
Lining ET of mucosa: simple columnar ET
Middle region of gland: parietal cells
Basal region of gland: chief cells
Deep in gastric gland: entero-endocrine cells
Alkaline mucus from mucus neck
cells, HCl, intrinsic factor, pepsinogen,
lipases (fat-digesting enzymes), histamine, serotonin,
somatostatin, gastrin
Sympathetic: thoracic splanchnic
nerves relayed through the celiac
plexus
Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve
Arterial supply: gastric and
splenic branches of celiac trunk
Venous supply: hepatic portal
system draining into hepatic portal vein
Small intestine Tube extending from pyloric sphincter in the epigastric region where
it joins the large intestine; longest part of
the alimentary canal
Body’s major digestive
organ; digestion is completed
and virtually all nutrients are absorbed by the time is reaches the
large intestine
ET cells of the villus mucosa: absorptive
simple columnar ET w/ microvilli and goblet
cellsCrypt ET cells:
secretory cells that secrete intestinal juice
Scattered through Crypt ET: entero-
endocrine cells & T cells called intraepithelial
lymphocytes (IELs) for immunity
Deep in Crypt: Paneth cells that release lysozymes and
defensins
Submucosa: Peyer’s patches,
which are lymphoid follicles
Submucosa of duodenum only: Mucus secreting duodenal glands called Brunner’s glands; produce
alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic
chimeBrunner’s glands and goblet cells:
secrete intestinal juice
Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve
Sympathetic: thoracic splenic
nerves
*both relayed through superior mesenteric and celiac plexuses
Arterial supply: superior
mesenteric artery
Venous: drain into superior
mesenteric vein > hepatic portal
vein
Large intestine Frames small intestine on all three sides and
extends from ileocecal valve to the anus
Absorb most of the
remaining H2O from
indigestible food residue
Colon mucosa: Smooth muscle w/ simple
columnar ET
Goblet cells: mucus Sympathetic: celiac, superior mesenteric ganglia, and inferior mesenteric ganglia
Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve
Superior mesenteric
artery & Vagus nerve
Anus Terminal end of the large intestine
Open and close anus for
defecation
Anus: non-keratinized stratified squamous ET;
smooth muscle with internal and external
sphincters
Anal sinuses: mucus
Inferior mesenteric and hypogastric
plexuses
Internal iliac artery > middle
rectal artery
Organ Location Functions Cells & tissues present
Enzymes present Innervation Blood Supply
Teeth Lie in sockets in the gum-covered margins
of the maxilla and mandible
Mastication of food (chewing);
20 deciduous teeth in
children, 32 permanent
teeth in adults
N/A N/A Superior and inferior alveolar nerves, branches of the
trigeminal nerve
Superior and
inferior alveolar arteries, branches
of the maxillary
arteryTongue Occupies the floor of
the mouth and fills most of the oral cavity when mouth is closed
Grips food to reposition it
between teeth; also mixed food
w/ saliva forming a bolus;
initiates swallowing by pushing food
down pharynx; helps form
consonants as we speak;
Bundles of skeletal muscle fibers:
intrinsic are confined in the tongue and not
attached to bone, extrinsic extend from their points of origin on bones of skull or
soft palate (therefore altering tongue’s position; median
septum of CT; mucosal fold called
lingual frenulum secures tongue to
floor of mouth
N/A Anterior 2/3: Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve for
sensory, Chorda Tympani branch of
facial nerve for taste, & motoric branches of hypoglossal nerve
Posterior 1/3: Sensory branches of
glossopharyngeal nerve
Lingual artery, a
branch of the
external carotid
Gallbladder Green muscular sac located in a shallow fossa on the ventral surface of the liver
Sores bile not immediately needed for
digestion and concentrates it
by absorbing H2O and ions;
expels bile into cystic duct and then into bile
duct when needed
Thin walled; Covered by visceral
peritoneum
N/A Sympathetic: celiac plexus
Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve
Cystic artery and
vein
Salivary Glands Parotid: anterior to ear
Submandibular: along medial aspect of
mandibular body
Sublingual: anterior to submandibular, under
tongue
Produce slightly acidic saliva containing
electrolytes and digestive enzymes
Mucus cells: produce a stringy, viscous
solutionSerous cells: produce
a watery secretion containing ions,
enzymes, and mucin*Note: Parotid=only
serousSublingual= mostly
mucus
Salivary amylase, lingual lipase,
lysozymes, defensins
Parasympathetic division of autonomic
nervous system: mechano/ chemo
receptors > salivary nuclei in brain stem >
facial & glosso-pharyngeal nerves >
salivation occursSympathetic division: release of thick, mucin rich saliva or complete
inhibition of saliva
External carotid artery
Liver Largest gland in the body; occupies most of the R hypochondriac &
epigastric regions; under the diaphragm almost entirely under the ribcage; R lobe is
larger than L
Produce bile for export to
duodenum or storage in
gallbladder
Hepatocytes (liver cells)
Kuppfer cells (hepatic macrophages)
During injury, hepatocytes
release vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF),
Endothelial cells will then
proliferate and release
hepatocyte growth factor
(HGF) and interleukin 6
Celiac ganglia; vagus nerve
Hepatic artery & hepatic
portal vein which
enter the liver at the
porta hepatis & common hepatic
duct
Pancreas Extends across the abdomen, encircled by
the C-shaped duodenum;
retroperitoneal, lies deep to the greater
curvature of the stomach
Produces enzymes that break down
foodstuffs, then delivers it to the
duodenum; both endocrine
and exocrine
Acinar cells
Islets of Langerhans containing Alpha and
Beta cells
Pancreatic juice, proteases,
amylase, lipase, nuclease, insulin,
glucagon
Vagus nerve Superior mesenteri
c artery >inferior
pancreatic duodenal arteries
top related