Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved. Latest developments in Hamamatsu Large Format PMTs VLVnT09 in October, 2009 Hamamatsu Photonics.
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Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Latest developments in Hamamatsu Large Format
PMTsVLVnT09 in October, 2009
Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
Electron Tube Division
Yuji Hotta
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Contents
1. Profile of Hamamatsu2. Developmental status for Large Format PMTs - 12 inch PMT - High QE - New photocathode for low temperature operation
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Profile of Hamamatsu
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Where we are locatedWhere we are located
Hamamatsu is a name of a city.HONDA, YAMAHA and SUZUKI(famous motor cycle companies) are located in the same area.
Population : 824K (as of September, 2009)
KAWAI
ROLAND
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
JAPAN
Japanese Standard MAP
Global Network of Global Network of HamamatsuHamamatsu
EuropeUSA
(Subsidiaries)
(Subsidiaries)
GREECE
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Established : Sept 29, 1953Employees : 2,580(As of Sept. 08)Net Sales : \99B ($950M)(FY2008)
Electron Tube DivisionElectron Tube DivisionSolid Sate DivisionSolid Sate Division Systems DivisionSystems Division
Laser GroupLaser GroupCentral Research LabCentral Research Lab
Hamamatsu Photonics Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.K.K.
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Developmental status for Large Format PMTs
- 12 inch PMT- High QE- New photocathode for low temperature operation
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
8 inch 10 inch13 inch
20 inchApplication :Neutrino Experiment
Large Format PMTsLarge Format PMTs
too large!
too expensive!too small!
Experiment Name Type Number PMT Size Quantity
NESTOR R8055 13 inch 160
ANTARES R7081-20 10 inch 900
NEMO R7081SEL 10 inch 90
AMANDA R5912-02 8 inch 800
ICECUBE R7081-02 10 inch 5,300
ICECUBE/Deep Core R7081-02MOD 10 inch 400
Double-CHOOZ R7081MOD-ASSY 10 inch 800
Daya Bay R5912ASSY 8 inch 2,250
RENO R7081ASSY 10 inch 890
KamLAND R7250 20 inch 1,200
IMB R4558 8 inch 2,000
SNO R1408 8 inch 8,700
Kamiokande R1449-01 20 inch 1,000
Super-Kamiokande R3600-05 20 inch 11,200
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development ofDevelopment of 12 inch 12 inch PMTPMT
Items 12-inch PMTR7081
10-inch PMTR5912
8-inch PMT
Diameter 305 mm 253 mm 202 mm
Effective Area 275 mm min. 220 mm min. 190 mm min.
Tube Length 330 mm 245 mm 220 mm
Dynodes LF/10-stage LF/10-stage LF/10-stage
Applied Voltage 2000 V 1500 V 1500 V
GAIN 1.0E+07 1.0E+07 1.0E+07
T.T.S. (FWHM) 2.7 ns 2.9 ns 2.4 ns
P/V Ratio 2.5 2.5 2.5
Dark Counts 10,000 cps 7,000 cps 4,000 cps
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development of 12 inch Development of 12 inch PMTPMT
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development ofDevelopment of 12 inch 12 inch PMTPMT
12 inch PMT
Some spacefor divider
17 inchGlass Sphere
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development of 12 inch Development of 12 inch PMTPMT
10 inch PMT 12 inch PMT
NEW!
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development ofDevelopment of 12 inch 12 inch PMTPMT12 inch PMT V- Gain
1E+03
1E+04
1E+05
1E+06
1E+07
1E+08
1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
SUPPLY VOLTAGE [V]
GA
IN
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development ofDevelopment of 12 inch 12 inch PMTPMT
12 inch PMT Example QE data
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
200 300 400 500 600 700 800Wavelength [nm]
Qua
ntum
Effi
cien
cy [
%]
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development ofDevelopment of 12 inch 12 inch PMTPMT
Supply Voltage : 2000 V
Rise Time : 4.0 ns 100 mV / Div , 10ns / Div
Fall Time : 6.7 ns
12inch PMT WAVEFORM
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development ofDevelopment of 12 inch 12 inch PMTPMT12 inch PMT Cathode Uniformity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Position angle [degree]
Rel
ativ
e O
utpu
t [%
]
X-AXIS
Y-AXISDate : 2009.09.11
Serial No. : ZN0038Spot Dia. : 5 [mm]
Wavelength : 410 [nm]Supply Voltage : 150 [V]
Y
X+-
+
-
D y 1
D y 2
( T O P V I E W )
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development ofDevelopment of 12 inch 12 inch PMTPMT12 inch PMT Anode Uniformity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Position angle [degree]
Rel
ativ
e O
utpu
t [%
]
X-AXIS
Y-AXISDate : 2009.09.11
Serial No. : ZN0038Spot Dia. : 5 [mm]
Wavelength : 410 [nm]Supply Voltage : 1920 [V]
Y
X+-
+
-
D y 1
D y 2
( T O P V I E W )
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Developmental status for Large Format PMTs
- 12 inch PMT- High QE- New photocathode for low temperature operation
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
High QE Bialkali PhotocathodeHigh QE Bialkali Photocathode
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Definition of SBA/UBA
R9880New TO-8 typeMetal Package
R7600/R89001 inch SquareMetal Package
Min. Typ.
Photocathode(suffix)
Available Products
Ultra Bialkali"UBA" (-200)
38% 43%R7600/R8900
(Metal Package PMT)
QE at peakwavelength
Super Bialkali"SBA"
(-100/-110)32% 35%
R7600/R8900/R9880(Metal Package PMT)
1-1/8"-5"Glass Bulb types
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
R7081 (10” PMT) with High R7081 (10” PMT) with High QEQE
Example QE data R7081 (10 inch)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength [nm]
Qua
ntum
Effi
cien
cy [
%] High QE Type
Champion Data
35.8 % at 380 nm
Standard
26 % at 380 nm
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
R7081 (10” PMT) with High R7081 (10” PMT) with High QEQE
R7081HQE QE Histogram
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
- 32.5 - 33.0 - 33.5 - 34.0 - 34.5 - 35.0 35 -
QE [%] at 380 nm
Nu
mb
er
of
Tu
be
s (
pc
s)
Average : 34%Sample : 404 pcs
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Developmental status for Large Format PMTs
- 12 inch PMT- High QE- New photocathode for low temperature operation
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development of Photocathode for Low
Temperature
Photocathode with Al pattern
Photocathode with Pt underlay QE becomes low due to decrease of transmittance
• Purpose of development– Dark matter experiment
– Liquid Xe : -110 deg. C / 175 nm emission
– Liquid Ar : -186 deg. C / 128 nm emission to be converted to 420 nm photons by WLS
1/40
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Example QE datafor R5912 (8 inch) Pt
underlay
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength [nm]
Qua
ntum
Effi
cien
cy [
%]
Low QE
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
QE data of New Photocathode
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Cathode Linearity of New Photocathode
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R5912 (8 inch) with new photocathode
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength [nm]
Qua
ntum
Effi
cien
cy [
%]
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Summary
- Hamamatsu has been developing 12 inch PMT. Some sample PMTs will be available next year.
- Hamamatsu continues to improve QE.- Hamamatsu has found new photocathode for
low temperature operation. We are trying to apply the new photocathode for large format PMTs.
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
END
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Back Up
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Metal Package PMTs
Metal Channel DynodesMicro processing technology
FeaturesCompact, Fast Time Response Position SensitiveImmunity to magnetic field
<Cross-section>
Array of LinearFocused Dynode
1 mm
1 mm
R9880
R7600
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
R7600 & R8900 Various Anode Types
4 channelsM4 (2x2)
16 channelsM16 (4x4)
64 channelsM64 (8x8)
Cross-Plate
C12 (6+6)(R7600-M64 only) (R8900-C12 only)
X
Y
18.0 mm
25.7 mm
23.5 mm
26.2 mm
WI NDOWWI NDOW
Difference of R7600 & R8900
R7600 (R5900)
R8900
Multi-anodeFiber Coupling
ImagingRICH
Focusing
Proximity
MCD
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
0
10
20
30
40
50
200 300 400 500 600 700
Wavelength [nm]
Qua
ntum
Effi
cien
cy [
%]
Latest Data of R7600-200 (UBA)
<<Specification>>Typical : 43 %Minimum : 38 %at peak Wavelength
Example data with 10 tubes
41%~45%
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Conventional PMTs with SBA
R6231-100
(2 inch)
R3998-100(1-1/8 inch)
R6233-100
(3 inch)For Better Energy Resolution
Applications:Radiation detectionGamma CameraRadiation Probe
R877-100 (5”) is now available!
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Energy Resolution vs. QEQE at 380 nm vs Energy Resolution (LaBr3 + Cs137)
y = 13.671x-0.4096
R2 = 0.9019
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
20 25 30 35 40 45QE at 380 nm (% )
Energ
y R
eso
luti
on (
FWH
M)
(%)
R7600
R7600-100 (SBA)
R7600-200 (UBA)
R3998-100 (SBA)
Radiation Source : Cs137 (662KeV)Scintillator : LaBr3 0.5"dia x 0.5"Supply Voltage : 400-500V (R3998-100) 800V (R7600)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
HPD Compared with PMTHPD Compared with PMT<HPD>
EB GAIN : 1000~2000
AD GAIN : 30~100
<PMT>
DYNODE GAIN : 3~10
GAIN = 4x4x4x…x4x4x4
Total gain: ~1x105
AD (Avalanche Diode)
Total gain: ~1x106
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Pulse Height DistributionPulse Height Distribution<HPD>
<PMT>
Prime Feature : Good Pulse Height DistributionPrime Feature : Good Pulse Height Distribution
1pe
2pe
3pe
4pe
5pe
K-APD = 12KV 1pe
2pe
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Large Format HPDLarge Format HPD
330mm
13 inches
280mm
<Collaboration>The Univ. of Tokyo and JST (JAPAN SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY)
Development will beDevelopment will befinished by spring 2012finished by spring 2012
AD Target : 5mm TTS(FWHM) : 440 ps
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
EB Gain and Avalanche EB Gain and Avalanche GainGain
13 inch HPD13 inch HPDTotal : 2.3e+05Total : 2.3e+05
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