Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 2 Methods for Describing Sets of Data.

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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Chapter 2

Methods for Describing Sets of

Data

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

2.1

Describing Qualitative Data

2 - 3 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 4 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 5 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 6 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.1

2 - 7 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 8 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.1 SPSS summary table for types of aphasia

2 - 9 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.2 SAS bar graph for type of aphasia

2 - 10 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.3 MINITAB pie chart for type of aphasia

2 - 11 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.4 SPSS Pareto diagram for type of aphasia

2 - 12 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 13 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.5 SAS summary tables for DRUG and COMP

2 - 14 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.6 MINITAB side-by-side bar graphs for COMP by value of DRUG

2 - 15 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.7 SPSS summary tables for COMP by value of drug

2 - 16 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.1a MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks

2 - 17 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.1b MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks

2 - 18 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.1c MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks

2 - 19 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.2 MINITAB side-by-side pie charts for Dissatisfied with Looks by Gender

2 - 20 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.3 MINITAB side-by-side Pie charts for Dissatisfied with Looks by Comorbid Disorder

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

2.2

Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data

2 - 22 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.2

2 - 23 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.8 MINITAB dot plot for 100 EPA mileage ratings

2 - 24 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.9 MINITAB stem-and-leaf display for 100 mileage ratings

2 - 25 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.10 SPSS histogram for 100 EPA gas mileage ratings

2 - 26 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.3

2 - 27 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.11 The effect of the size of a data set on the outline of a histogram

2 - 28 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Procedure

2 - 29 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.4

2 - 30 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.12 SPSS histogram for task deviations

2 - 31 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.13 MINITAB stem-and-leaf display for task deviations

2 - 32 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 33 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.4 MINITAB side-by-side histograms for Appearance Evaluation by Gender

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2.3

Summation Notation

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2.4

Numerical Measures of Central Tendency

2 - 36 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.14 Numerical descriptive measures

2 - 37 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 38 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Formula

2 - 39 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.15 SAS numerical descriptive measures for 100 EPA gas mileages

2 - 40 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 41 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 42 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.16 Location of the Median

2 - 43 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Procedure

2 - 44 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 45 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Procedure

2 - 46 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 47 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.17 MINITAB descriptive statistics for earthquake data

2 - 48 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.18a MINITAB Histogram for Magnitudes of Aftershocks

2 - 49 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.18b MINITAB Histogram for Inter-Arrival Times of Aftershocks

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2.5

Numerical Measures of Variability

2 - 51 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.19 Response time histograms for two drugs

2 - 52 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 53 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.5

2 - 54 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.20 Dot plots for deviations in Table 2.5

2 - 55 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 56 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Formula

2 - 57 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 58 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 59 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.21 Reproduction of SAS numerical descriptive measures for 100 EPA mileages

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Interpreting the Standard Deviation

2.6

2 - 61 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.6

2 - 62 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.7

2 - 63 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.8

2 - 64 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.22 MINITAB descriptive statistics for rat maze times

2 - 65 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.23 MINITAB histogram of rat maze times

2 - 66 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.24 The relation between the range and the standard deviation

2 - 67 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.25 Battery life-length distribution: manufacturer’s claim assumed true

2 - 68 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.5 MINITAB descriptive statistics for appearance evaluation by gender

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Numerical Measures of Relative Standing

2.7

2 - 70 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.26 Location of 90th percentile for test grades

2 - 71 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 72 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.27 SPSS percentile statistics for water-level task deviations

2 - 73 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.28 The quartile for a data set

2 - 74 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 75 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Formula

2 - 76 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.29 Verbal SAT scores of high school seniors

2 - 77 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 78 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.30 Population z-scores for a mound–shaped distribution

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Methods for Detecting Outliers: Box plots and z-Scores

2.8

2 - 80 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 81 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 82 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.31 Annotated MINITAB box plot for EPA gas mileages

2 - 83 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 84 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition

2 - 85 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.32 MINITAB box plot for water-level task deviations

2 - 86 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.9

2 - 87 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.33 SAS box plots for reaction-time data

2 - 88 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.34 Male salary distribution

2 - 89 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Procedure

2 - 90 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.6 MINITAB box plots for Appearance Evaluation score by Gender

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Graphing Bivariate Relationships (Optional)

2.9

2 - 92 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.35 Scatterplot of cost vs. floor area

2 - 93 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.36 Hypothetical bivariate relationship

2 - 94 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.10

2 - 95 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.37 SPSS scatterplot for medical factors data in Table 2.10

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Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Statistics

2.10

2 - 97 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.11

2 - 98 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.38 MINITAB bar graph of vessel collisions by location

2 - 99 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.39 SPSS bar graph of vessel collisions by location, with adjusted vertical axis

2 - 100 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.40 Relative frequency of fatal motor vehicle accidents on each of four major highways

2 - 101 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.41 Mileage distributions for two car models

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