Computer History

Computer HistorySuranjana G7Y(A)

Introduction• Many people didn’t actually know how computers were

created.

• These computers were actually created with more than one person.

• It did take a long time to make the computer a fast and a useful or benefit device.

• This presentation will tell you how the computer has developed from its past till now.

Early History• Started in the early 20th century.

• Charles Babbage was the person who started the thought of computers.

• He was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, who is best remembered now for originating the concept of a programmable computer.

• Known as “father of the computer”.

• Invented the first mechanical computer.

• People wanted something that could calculate things without having errors.

Charles Babbage

The Calculator Used At That TimeThe Abacus

First Generation• 1941-1956

• Vacuum tubes/Punch cards + Magnetic drums for data storage.

• input = based on punched cards and paper tape

• output = was displayed on printouts

• UNIVAC and ENIAC computers

Advantages and Disadvantages for 1st Generation Computers

Advantages• These computers were the fastest calculating devices of their

time. • They could perform computations in milliseconds.

Disadvantages• Too bulky in size• Unreliable• Thousands of vacuum tubes that were used emitted large

amount of heat and burnt out frequently.• Air conditioning required• Not portable

Second Generation• 1956 - 1963

• Transistors

• replaced vacuum tubes

• input = Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards.

• output = Second-generation computers still relied on printouts.

• Allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors.

• COBOL and FORTRAN computers

Advantages and Disadvantages for 2nd Generation Computers

Advantages

• The size of the computer was very small as compared to 1st generation of computer.

• Transistors were used as internal components.

• Less heat was generated.

• Hardware failure was not so frequent.

• Power consumption was not so frequent.

• Magnetic tape and were used as wider secondary storage.

• Wider commercial use.

Disadvantages• Air Conditioner was required.

• Frequent maintenance was required.

Third Generation• 1964 - 1971

• Integrated Circuits

• Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

• input = through keyboards and monitors

• output = interfaced with an operating systemo allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with

a central program that monitored the memory

• Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

• 3GL computer

Advantages and Disadvantages for 3rd Generation Computers

Advantages• Smaller in size as compared to previous generations due to the use of ICs.

• Computations were performed in nanoseconds.

• Less heat was generated as compared to previous generations.

• Power consumption was less than the previous generations.

• Hardware failure was rare.

• These computers were easily portable.

• Cheaper in price.

• These computers were used commercially all over the world.

Disadvantages• Air Conditioning was required in some cases.

• Technology required to manufacture the IC was very advanced.

Fourth Generation• 1971 - present

• Microprocessors

• Thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.

• The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the central processing unit.

• memory to input + output controls on a single chip

• Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.

• 4GL computer

Advantages and Disadvantages for 4th Generation Computers

Advantages• Smallest in size due to the use of very large scale integration (VLSI).

• More reliable as compared to previous generations.

• Heat generation was negligible.

• Hardware failure was negligible.

• Easily portable.

• Hardware maintenance was very rare.

• Computations were performed fastly.

• These computers were cheapest.

• Disadvantages• Highly advanced technology was required to manufacture very large scale

integration.

Conclusion• So in total there are 4 generations of how how

a computer has developed till now (Present).• It shows how a computer has changed at a

period of time.• How it has developed from the past few years.• Thanks to the people who created computers!

Video

Citations"Advantages and Disadvantages of 4th Generation of Computers." Zorg Educom RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.

"The Computer Chronicles - Computer Generations." The Computer Chronicles - Computer Generations. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.

"Advantages and Disadvantages of 3rd Generation of Computers." Zorg Educom RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.

"Advantages and Disadvantages of 2nd Generation of Computers." Zorg Educom RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.

"Advantages and Disadvantages of 1st Generation Computer." Advantages and Disadvantages of 1st Generation Computer. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.

"The Five Generations of Computers." Webopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.

"Charles Babbage." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Oct. 2013. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.

"First Generation of Computers..." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 26 Oct. 2013.

The document of the history of the computers shown by Mr.Pete.