Colonial Rivalry: The French and Indian War. Colonial Rivalry By the mid-1700s, England, France, Spain & the Netherlands were locked in a struggle for.
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Colonial Rivalry By the mid-1700s,
England, France, Spain & the Netherlands were locked in a struggle for EMPIRE—
To conquer and maintain the largest amount of foreign territory.
In North America, the two biggest rivals were Britain and France…
And each wanted to expel the other from the Continent.
An IMPERIAL power is one that...
A.) uses its military to maintain world peace.
B.) works with other nations in pursuit of common economic goals.
C.) expands by conquering new territory.
D.) tends to adopt "isolationist" policies.
The French in North America The French were primarily active
in ONE activity: Trading for, trapping and selling
FUR. French settlements were in
INTERIOR of North America… And were mostly limited to
solitary forts, deep in the wilderness.
The French footprint was SMALL… And they generally got along well
with the Indians… Who viewed French forts as
convenient TRADING POSTS.
The British in North America The British economy was
based on TWO THINGS: COMMERCE, and… AGRICULTURE. British settlements were on
the COAST… And took the form of
villages, towns and large CITIES.
In order to farm, the British cleared LARGE AREAS of land…
And were continually in CONFLICT with the Indians…
With whom they had a relationship of MUTUAL HATRED.
What was the PRIMARY goal of French activity in North
America?A.) to challenge the British for control of Canada.B.) to take part in the fur trade.
C.) to explore undiscovered territory.
D.) to seek religious freedom.
Which colonial power most depended upon peaceful relations with the Native
Americans?
A.) the French.
B.) the British.
The Albany Plan of UnionBenjamin Franklin was one
of the first colonists to foresee the possibility of WAR…
Between Britain and France.At the time, the British
colonies had very little RELATIONSHIP with one another…
And he suggested that they prepare for the coming conflict by BANDING TOGETHER.
His plan, called the Albany Plan of Union…
Called for an ORGANIZATION among the colonies…
However, it was rejected by colonial voters.
A political cartoon by Benjamin Franklin.What is he trying to say?
The Albany Plan of Union...
A.) was formed in opposition to British rule.
B.) contains the earliest seeds of the United States.C.) exposed Benjamin Franklin's opposition to religious authority.
D.) caused the outbreak of the French and Indian War.
War Breaks Out In 1754, the French
constructed a fort in Western Pennsylvania…
Territory that had already been CLAIMED by the British.
George Washington was selected to lead an attack of the Fort…
The attack FAILED… But it led to the OUTBREAK
of the French and Indian War.
Who Fought in the French and Indian War?
VS. +
*The French and Indian War is called the Seven Years’ War in Europe.
The French and Indian War...
A.) was a struggle between the French and the Indians for control over the Ohio River Valley.
B.) united the empires of Britain and France against Indian aggression.
C.) was primarily a war over the limits of religious freedom in the colonies.
D.) was a struggle between the British Empire and Imperial France for control of North America.
Early British DefeatsEarly British Defeats► The French and the The French and the
Indians Indians won won almost almost every early battle. every early battle.
► One of the principal One of the principal reasons is that the reasons is that the British fought in British fought in formation…formation…
► Whereas the Indians and Whereas the Indians and the French used the French used guerilla guerilla warwar tactics. tactics.
► British Army soldiers British Army soldiers believe this kind of believe this kind of fighting is fighting is COWARDLY…COWARDLY…
► But their American But their American colonial allies begin to colonial allies begin to think that it is simply think that it is simply more more INTELLIGENT.INTELLIGENT.
The The British British Turn Turn the the TideTide
► Between 1758 and 1759, the British were able to use their Between 1758 and 1759, the British were able to use their superior superior navynavy to cut off French shipping… to cut off French shipping…
► And the French army began to run out of And the French army began to run out of suppliessupplies (bullets, rifles, etc.) (bullets, rifles, etc.)► When this happened, many of the When this happened, many of the Indians changed sidesIndians changed sides and supported and supported
the better-armed British.the better-armed British.► Eventually, the British captured a major fort on the St. Lawrence RiverEventually, the British captured a major fort on the St. Lawrence River
—which led the way to an attack on —which led the way to an attack on QuebecQuebec, the capital of New France. , the capital of New France.
The The Fall Fall of of QuebecQuebec
► For the French to be For the French to be DEFEATEDDEFEATED, the British had to capture their CAPITAL, Quebec City., the British had to capture their CAPITAL, Quebec City.► Quebec is a Quebec is a fortified cityfortified city—surrounded by high walls…—surrounded by high walls…► And in 1759, the British launched a And in 1759, the British launched a DIRECT ATTACK…DIRECT ATTACK…► Which Which FAILEDFAILED, and resulted in heavy losses., and resulted in heavy losses.► So they So they WITHDREWWITHDREW and and LAIDLAID SIEGESIEGE—but needed to withdraw their warships before —but needed to withdraw their warships before
winter and the freezing of the harbor.winter and the freezing of the harbor.► Finally, in a desperate move, the British attacked through a nearly discovered Finally, in a desperate move, the British attacked through a nearly discovered secret secret
path path into the city…into the city…► Whereupon the French Whereupon the French evacuatedevacuated, and met the British on a nearby battlefield…, and met the British on a nearby battlefield…► Where they Where they LOSTLOST, and , and SURRENDEREDSURRENDERED their Capital. their Capital.
The Treaty of Paris, 1763
France lost CANADA…
And ALL territories in North America.
The British traded CUBA to SPAIN for FLORIDA…
SPAIN received all territory WEST of the Mississippi.
The Results of the War The British believe that the American
colonists did not offer enough SUPPORT for the war effort…
And the British government starts thinking about ways to squeeze MONEY out of the colonists.
The British also begin to think that the Americans are uncultured, CRUDE, common
and COWARDLY… The Americans think the British are
SNOOTY, SNOBBISH, and STUPID. The two groups are like a married
couple that has started to grow apart.
From an American perspective, the French and Indian war is important because...
A.) it led to British control of both Cuba and Louisiana.
B.) highlighted the cultural differences between American colonials and their British rulers.C.) ensured that the colonial territories would secure total religious freedom.
D.) attracted worldwide attention to British mistreatment of the Native Americans.
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