Transcript
1. WHAT IS ENERGY
2. WHAT IS COAL
3. HISTORY
4. CONSUMPTION
5. ENERGY LOSS
6. COAL FORMATION
7. TYPES
8. AVALIBILITY
9. COAL MINES
10. DANGERS OF COAL MINES
11. PRESENT USE
12. FUTURE USE
13. ADVANTAGE
14. DISADVANTAGE
15. VARIOUS EFFECTS
- COAL IS AN UNRENEWABLE SOURCE OF FUEL
WHY?
- COAL IS FORMED FROM VEGETATION THAT CAN BE AS OLD AS 400 MILLION YEARS OLD. (THAT IS WHY IT’S CALLED A FOSSIL FUEL)
The earliest use of coal in the Americas was the Aztecs
In the 1300s in what is now the United States, Native Americans used coal for cooking, making clay pots, and heating.
Large-scale coal mining developed in the Industrial Revolution when demands for energy skyrocketed
The first documented mining of coal in the US was 50 tons dug in 1748 in Virginia
In the past, coal had a variety of uses.
Gas for gas lights
domestic heating, railroad fuel and for stationery steam engines.
Heating for the iron and steel industries
Weapons for the civil war
Over time different ways of creating energy have been discovered. These ways are a lot more complex it effects the environment a lot. Some of the ways that have been developed over time are Biomass, Wind, Geothermal, and Hydropower. These ways are not only a lot better for the environment but more efficient.
Coal covers about 21% of energy consumption. Even though it isn't the smart choice it will still keep our cities running until the next 25+ years.
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2.70%
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55.60%
25.90%
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10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
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Formation of coal
Organic matter derived mostly from land plants accumulates in low-energy environment (like a swamp).
Oxidative decay uses up lots of oxygen, rendering the sediment pore waters devoid of oxygen (anoxic).
Gentle cooking and pressing (lithification) as a result of increasing burial depth remove the pore water and increase carbon content (due to release of volatile components of the organic molecules).
Low grade coal (lignite) cooked very little.
High grade coal (anthracite) cooked a lot (close to being a metamorphic rock).
Lower grade coal tends to contain minerals such as pyrite, which formed under the reducing (low-oxygen) conditions.
HOW IS COAL FORMED?PEAT – DECOMPOSED SUBMERGED PLANT REMAINSLIGNITE – YOUNG COAL. IT HAS LOW CARBON CONTENT
PEAT + PRESSURE + HEAT + TIME = COAL
Worldwide, compared to all other fossil fuels, coal is the most abundant and
widely distributed across the continents
998 billion tons
The resulting ratio of coal reserves to production is approximately 164
years (at current rates of production and no change in reserves)
Significant reserves are found in the United
States and Russia but not in the Middle East.
Availability of Coal Mines
Two types of coalmining
Surface mining
There are over1000 surfacemines in the U.S.
Undergroundmining
There are over1000 undergroundmines in the U.S
.Requires moreworkers, but isthe mostefficient process
There are many precautions coal miners have. They where a special device that detects poisonous gases that can harm humans. They used canaries to detect gases if the canary died that meant you got to get out of that mine.
Coal production has increased by more than 70% since
1970
9 out of every 10 tons of coal mined in the United States
today is used to generate electricity
56% of electricity in US is coal-generated
Use of coal is not limited to electricity generation:
Make chemicals, cement, paper, metal products
Methanol, ethylene
About 9 percent of U.S.-mined coal is exported to some 40
countries
The United States has a 300-year supply of coal, if it continues to use it at the same rate as today
Worldwide coal consumption is supposed to increase 2% per year from 2005 to 2030
29 percent of total world energy consumption in 2030
There will likely be a significant increase in the use of coal for electricity generation in countries such as China and India
New technologies will continue to enhance our ability to identify the shape and composition of untapped coal reserves
BETTER
- HIGHER HEATING VALUE COMPARED TO BIOMASS.
- MORE ABUNDANT THAN OIL.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF COAL?
VS
BETTER
VS
The combustion of coal produces carbon dioxide(CO2) and nitrogen oxides with varying amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other pollutants
Coal-fired power plants represent the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions, which is a major cause of global warming
Coal-fired power plants represent the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions, which is a major cause of global warming
Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide (SO3) gas, which in turn reacts with moisture in the air to form sulfuric acid. This acid in the atmosphere is returned to the Earth in the form of acid rain.
Coal sludge releases
Huge water useSlurry pipelines
Mountaintop removal
Hardpan at strip mines
Effects on land
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