Cloud type identification by meteorological satellites.
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Cloud type identificationCloud type identificationby meteorological satellitesby meteorological satellites
Cloud types identified by Cloud types identified by meteorological satellite and cloud meteorological satellite and cloud
forms observed from groundforms observed from ground
Cloud type identified
Symbols used
Level
Cloud forms observed from ground
Symbol
High level cloud CiHigh
Cirrus Ci
Middle level cloud Cm Cirrocumulus Cc
Stratocumulus Sc Cirrostratus Cs
Stratus/fog StMiddle
Altocumulus Ac
Cumulus Cu Altostratus As
Cumulus congestus Cg Nimbostratus Ns
Cumulonimbus Cb
Low
Stratocumulus Sc
Stratus St
Cumulus Cu
Cumulonimbus Cb
Infrared image Visible imageBoth images taken at 0900 JST, July 9, 1984 (An arrow points at the vicinity of Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture).
<Cloud types from satellite>Cloud area of Ci only
<Cloud forms observed from ground> (Ci and Cs) CL=0 CM=3 CH=5
Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Tottori City,Tottori Prefecture) at 0801 JST, July 9, 1984 .
Both images taken at 1200 JST, September 22, 1978. (A circle Indicates the vicinity of Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture.)
Infrared image
Visible image <Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of Ci and Cm superposed
<Cloud form observed from ground > Translucent altocumulus (Ac) CL=0 CM=3 CH=0
Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Tottori City,Tottori Prefecture) at 1111 JST, September 22, 1978.
Infrared image taken at 1800 JST, August 19, 1983. (Circle indicating the vicinity of Kiyose City, Tokyo.)
<Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of coexisting Cu and Sc
<Cloud forms observed from ground > ((Cu and Ac) CL=2 CM=4 CH=0
Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Kiyose City, Tokyo) at 1740 JST, August 19, 1983.
Infrared image taken at 1800 JST, September 6, 1981. (An arrow points at Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture.)
<Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of Ci only
Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture.) at 1710 JST, September 6,1981.
<Cloud forms observed from ground> (Ac) CL=0 CM=5 CH=0
Infrared image Visible imageBoth images taken at 1200 JST,November 12,1984 (A circle indicates the vicinity of Tokyo).
<Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of Sc only
< Cloud forms observed from ground> (Sc) CL=5 CM=/ CH=/
Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo) in November 12,1984.
<Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of coexisting Cb ,Cg and Cu
<Cloud forms observed from ground> Capillary cumulonimbus cloud
Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Kiyose City, Tokyo) at 1810 JST, August 10,1985.
Infrared image taken at 1800 JST,August 10, 1985. (A ×mark indicates the vicinity of Kiyose City Tokyo)
Visible image
Both images taken in December 19,1994 (arrow pointing at Ohshima Motomachi, Tokyo)
<Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of coexisting Cu and Cg
Infrared image
<Cloud forms observed from ground> Cumulus (Cu) CL=2 CM=X CH=X
Photograph of clouds taken from the ground
Features of cloud type Features of cloud type identification by satellitesidentification by satellites
– vs. Surface ObservationViews cloud tops from the universe
( 36,000km above Equator)
Coarse Resolution (GMS-5 ; 1.25km in VIS , 5km in IR )
Detailed classification impossible.Basically different from Surface observa
tion– From Satellite : “cloud types”, – From Surface : “cloud forms”.
Classification of Cloud typesClassification of Cloud typesCloud type Classification
High level cloud Ci
Stratiform clouds
High level clouds
Middle level cloud CmMiddle level
clouds
Stratus/fog StLow level
cloudsStratocumulus Sc
Cumulus Cu
Convective cloudsCumulus congestus Cg
Cumulonimbus Cb
Identification of cloud typesIdentification of cloud typesCloud type identification by computer
– Uses VIS, IR, Water Vapor and the IR Split Window channel imageries.
– Objective identification is possible. – Difficult to consider meteorological
conditions and cloud patterns.Cloud type identification by human eyes
– VIS and IR have been used – Being able to use other comprehensive
meteorological knowledge
図2-3-1 雲型判別ダイアグ
ラム
Identification by visible and infrared imageries
Visible image BrightDark
Infr
ared
imag
eD
ark
Bri
ght
Identification of cloud typesIdentification of cloud types
Identification by shapesIdentification by textureIdentification by movementIdentification by changes with time
Figure 2-4-1 b Visible image for cloud type identification taken a 03 UTC in March 20, 1999.
Figure 2-4-1 a Infrared image for cloud type identification taken at 03 UTC in March 20, 1999.
Case study of cloud type identificationCase study of cloud type identification
Infrared image Visible image
Ci ( High cloud ) Ci ( High cloud )
Infrared image Visible image
Cm ( Middle cloud )Cm ( Middle cloud )
Infrared image Visible image
St ( Stratus/Fog )St ( Stratus/Fog )
Infrared image Visible image
Sc ( Stratocumulus )Sc ( Stratocumulus )
Infrared image Visible image
Cu ( Cumulus )Cu ( Cumulus )
Infrared image Visible image
Cb Cb ((Cumulonimbus)Cumulonimbus) // Cg Cg ((Cumulus congestus) Cumulus congestus)
(F pointed by a wedge is Cb. G pointed by wedges is Cg.)
Infrared image Visible image
Dense CiDense Ci
Infrared image Visible image
Case study of the granular Ci
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