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The Role of Communication & Meteorological Satellites in The Role of Communication & Meteorological Satellites in Disaster Management SupportDisaster Management Support

-- Experience of ISROExperience of ISRO

Presentation By

Indian Delegation

43rd Session of S&T Session of UN COPUOS

23rd Feb. 2006 , Vienna

DISASTERS IN INDIA - VULNERABILITY

Key Vulnerability:• 5700 Km Long Coastline -

Cyclone-prone

• 40 Mha - Flood-prone

• 68% of Net Sown Area (116 Districts) - Drought-prone

• 55% Total Area - Seismic Zones III - V

• Sub-Himalayan/ Western Ghats - Landslide-prone

Pest & Diseases

Thunderstorms

0 2 4 6 8 10

Flood

Earthquake

Drought

Cyclone

Forest fires

Epidemics

Hailstorms

Tornado

Landslides

Severity Index (Last 50 yrs Data)Analysis based on Extent affected (Population, Area); Loss to Economy, Lives; Frequency of incidence

Super-cyclone in Orissa during 28-30 Oct 1999

Meteorological imagery from INSAT-2E

Damage due to Earthquake in Bhuj – 26 Jan 2001

Areas affected by Tsunami of 2004 in India

• The worst affected area – An archipelago of 572 islands called Andaman & Nicobar Islands

• Three coastal districts of TamilNadu State in South India.

• The coastal areas of State of Pondicherry.

• One district of Kerala State in South India.

• Two districts in Andhra Pradesh.

SPACE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

FLOOD FLOOD MAPMAP

DROUGHT DROUGHT MAPMAP

DAMAGEDAMAGEMAPMAP

HAZARD HAZARD ZONESZONES

RISKRISKMAPMAP

Observation for Information

Information for Decision

Decision for Action

INSAT IMAGES INSAT IMAGES SHOWING THE SHOWING THE CYCLONE CYCLONE MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

SUPER CYCLONE

OVER ORISSA COAST

28 Oct-3gmt28 Oct-6gmt28 Oct-9gmt29 Oct-3gmt29 Oct-6gmt29 Oct-9gmt30 Oct-3gmt30 Oct-6gmt30 Oct-9gmt

ØØ CYCLONE FORECASTS BASED ON INSAT VHRR CYCLONE FORECASTS BASED ON INSAT VHRR IMAGESIMAGES

ØØ USE OF MESOSCALE MODELS FOR IMPROVING USE OF MESOSCALE MODELS FOR IMPROVING TRACK FORECASTTRACK FORECAST

INSAT Pictures of Nov. 9, 2005 55 mm Rain at SHAR during 1000-1430 IST

IRS WiFS based NDVI

May-July 2001

Severely drought affected districts

DROUGHT MONITORING

KARNATAKA STATE

Increasing NDVI

May-July 2000

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Fortnight

1987 1988 1999

Excess (1988)

Normal (1991)

Drought (1987)

BHIWANI DISTRICT

Satellite derivedNDVI

TODAY, 2004

PSLV GSLV

ARYABHATA19.04.75

GSAT-208.05.03

KALPANA-112.09.02 INSAT-2E

03.04.99

INSAT-3B22.03.00

INSAT-3A10.04.03

IRS-1C28.12.95

IRS-P321.03.96

IRS-1D29.09.97

IRS-P617.10.03

INSAT-3E28.09.03

TES22.10.01

INSAT-3C24.01.02

IRS-P426.05.99

Applications driven programmeSelf reliance in building & launching satellites

ONEAMONG

THESIX

NATIONS

42+ 4 Missions

8

2

Four Decades of Indian Space ProgrammeLA

UN

CH

VEH

ICLE

SATE

LLIT

EA

PP

LICA

TION

S

IRS-P505.05.05

• 2.5 m resolution, 30 Km Swath

• Stereo mission; +26° / -5°forward/ Aft view

• Revisit : 5 days

• Along Track Stereo viewing -first of its kind in the world

CARTOSAT-1

CARTOSAT-1 Image

Airborne SAR data over Bihar StateDarbhanga Area

Kansi

Jalwara

Rampur

*

*

*

Sabhan*

Khi

rol N

adi

DARBHANGA

LAHERIA SARAI

Baghmati River

Kamrauli

*

Baliya*

Banauli *

Yaunga *

Dih Rampur *

Panchobh* Mahnauli*

Kamalpur *Baghla *

Baghia*

Taralahi * Chandih *

Ekmighat*

Badhbasti* Simra *

Bajrdpur*

Ballapur*

Baluwahi

*

Manlari

*Ganawli*

Kadaria*

Bharaul

*

Chatiriya*

FLOOD INUNDATION

During Floods – Airborne SAR data of 24-Jul-2004

Affected Embankment

ISRO Telemedicine

Network

Pre-Event Post-Event

E-Governance

Emergency Communication

Telemedicine

Tele-education: Broadband System

Tele-Medicine: Broadband SystemDisaster Management Support: Emergency Communication, Vulnerability, Risk & Early WarningSpatial Info. support, Weather info., Farmers Advisory services, ..Access to: Telephone, Fax,

Internet

Multi-tasking

Satcom/ VSATs:Deployable terminals, Mobile WLL VSATs

Space + Other IT-enabled Services

Programmatic Response to Tsunami

Multi-Tasking for Disaster Reduction

Tsunami affected A& N Islands

TrinkatIsland

Used for locatingthe missing children..

IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 21-Dec-04 IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 26-Dec-04

Katchal Islandbefore & after Tsunami

Cyclone Warning Centre

Earth Station

CC--Band Uplink

Band Uplink

SS --B

and

Dow

nlin

kB

and

Dow

nlin

k Cyclone Formation

Locale-specific Early Warning SystemCyclone Warning Dissemination System (CWDS)

More than 250 CWDS Installed in the Coastal AreasFocus: Track, Intensity, Landfall predictions

InputsINSAT VHRR Imaging/Cyclone TrackingCyclone Warning

INSAT MSS Ground Terminals

• Type-D terminal– Briefcase terminal with solar panel on the cover, and battery back-up.– Two-way voice link capability.– Uplink and downlink work in S-band.– Development & evaluation completed, units under field trial.– Serviced by a central Hub with DAMA NMS.

U/L

2670

– 2690

MHz

D/

L 25

00 – 25

20 M

Hz

PILO

T CAR

RIER

U/L 6450 – 6470 MHz

D/L 3680 – 3689 MHz

M O B ILE R E M O TE TE R M IN A L

M O B ILE R E M O TE TE R M IN A L

11 M C -B A N D

2.1 M S -B A N D

U/L 2670 – 2690 MHz

D/L 2500 – 2520 MHz

H U B E Q U IP M E N TS

H U B N E TW O R K

P S TN / D A TA / FA X

U/L

2670

– 2690

MHz

D/

L 25

00 – 25

20 M

Hz

PILO

T CAR

RIER

U/L 6450 – 6470 MHz

D/L 3680 – 3689 MHz

M O B ILE R E M O TE TE R M IN A L

M O B ILE R E M O TE TE R M IN A L

11 M C -B A N D

2.1 M S -B A N D

U/L 2670 – 2690 MHz

D/L 2500 – 2520 MHz

H U B E Q U IP M E N TS

H U B N E TW O R K

P S TN / D A TA / FA X

Strengthening of Observation Network

Automatic Weather Station (AWS)Developed thro’ Industry Partnership

• Large No. of AWS -replacing human observers world over

• Facilitate frequent/ continuous observations

• Data transmission via satellite to receiving station; and directly as input to numerical models

• Large No. of AWS -replacing human observers world over

• Facilitate frequent/ continuous observations

• Data transmission via satellite to receiving station; and directly as input to numerical models

Met. Sensor Data

Data Processing

Center

Satellite Transmitter

Dedicated Team/ User

Dept.

Strengthening of Observation Network Doppler Weather Radar

IMD - ISRO Doppler Weather Radar at Sriharikota

• Continuous monitoring of severe weather events

• Key parameters for atmospheric studies

• Urgent need to expand the Radar network to cover entire coastal areas, NE region, major cities, …

• Continuous monitoring of severe weather events

• Key parameters for atmospheric studies

• Urgent need to expand the Radar network to cover entire coastal areas, NE region, major cities, …

Disaster Forecasting Organizations(CWC, IMD, …)

Other Sources(Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGO)

Disaster Forecasting Organizations(CWC, IMD, …)

Other Sources(Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGO)

Satellite Data Programmingand

Acquisition(NRSA Earth Station / NDC)

Satellite Data Programmingand

Acquisition(NRSA Earth Station / NDC)

Acquisition of data

ASAR/ALTM/DC etc. ASAR/ALTM/DC etc.

Flight Planning Flight Planning

Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC

Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC

Defense clearance Defense clearance

Data • Satellite, Aerial• Coarse - High

Resolution• Optical Microwave

Data • Satellite, Aerial• Coarse - High

Resolution• Optical Microwave

Hardware & software

Hardware & software

Customized Analysis ToolsCustomized

Analysis Tools

Data Analysis

Outputs

Dissemination to UsersVSAT, FTP, Web page, E-mail etc.

Database, Knowledge Banks

Database, Knowledge Banks

Ground / Ancillary Information

Ground / Ancillary Information

Decision Support Centre at NRSA, Hyderabad

ALERT(Advance) Info.

on Disaster

DMS - Infrastructure

Imaging ‘Hot spot’

Met/OceanObservation

Emergencycommunication

HighResolution Imaging

Laser Terrain Mapper

All weather mapping

Real TimeMapping

Aerospace Systems

Decision Support Centre

(DSC)

Rapid Mapping Vulnerability,

Risk…

Usercommunity

Knowledge networks

Institutional Interfaces

Policy / Management

decision

ScientificInputs

ConcernsInputs

Communications BackboneTerrestrial & Satellite based (Mobile Terminals, VSAT, WLL VSATs, CWDS, S&R, ..)

Virtual Private Network under DMS

.

.

.

...

...

Knowledge Institutions

State Emergency

Centres

VPN

N

5

4

3

2

1

N

5

4

3

2

1Decision Support Centre Nodal Agency

Prime Minister of India talking to Tsunami disaster affected people, with satellite communication antenna in the background.

ConclusionThe Disaster Management Support programme of ISRO is the outcome of the extensive efforts put towards optimally utilizing the capabilities of the space systems to provide critical inputs to the disaster management efforts.