Clean Coal Technologies in South Africa - Sustainable ... Coal Technologies in South Africa UN EWG CCS 10 & 11 Sep07 New York Dr A D Surridge Senior Manager: Advanced Fossil Fuel Use
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Clean Coal Technologiesin South Africa
UN EWG CCS10 & 11 Sep07
New York
Dr A D SurridgeSenior Manager: Advanced Fossil Fuel Usetonys@saneri.org.za
2
OVERVIEW
Energy Flows
Current & Future Electricity Capacity
Current & Future Liquid Fuels Capacity
Carbon Capture & Storage
Other Clean Coal Technologies
South African National Energy Research Institute
Areas of Possible Co-operation
Summary
3
ENERGY FLOWSUPPLY TRANSFORM TRANSPORT END USE
Oil
Natural Gas
Coal
Gas
ElectricityEskom
and Others
Coal
PetroSA
Export
Sasol
Road/Rail
Pipeline
Oil Refineries RailRoad
Pipeline
LiquidFuels
Renewable WoodPerson/Road
HydroNuclear
TransmissionWires
“Washery”
Koeberg
Sasol
5
ELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITY
HE X R IV E RS A LT R IV E R
C E N T R A L W E S T B A N K
C O LE N S O
C O N G E LLOS O U T H C O A S T
U M G E N I
B R A KP A N
KLIP
R O S HE R V ILLE
T A A IB O S
V A A LV E R E E N IN G IN G
W ILG EW IT B A N KG E O R G E
V IE R F O N T E INHIG HV E LD
KO M A T I
IN G A G A N E
C A M D E N
G R O O T V LE I
HE N D R IN A
A R N O T
G A R IE P
KR IE L
A C A C IA P O R T R E X V A N D E R KLO O F
M A T LA
D U HV A
C A HO R A B A S S A
D R A KE N S B E R G
KO E B E R G
T U T U KA
LE T HA B O
M A T IM B A
KE N D A L
P A LM IE T
M A J U B A
0
5 ,0 0 0
1 0 ,0 0 0
1 5 ,0 0 0
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3 0 ,0 0 0
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4 0 ,0 0 0
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Y e a r
Meg
awat
t In
stal
led
5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 0 8 5 9 0 9 5 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5 6 0
6
Eskom [Electricity]
Coal FiredNuclear
H
H
H
H HydroGG
G Gas Turbine [Liquid]
~40% AfricaGeneration Capacity
Potential New Coal
7
NEW ELECTRICITY GENERATION STATIONS I
Coal:Super Critical Coal-Fired: Medupi plus three others under considerationUnderground GasificationReturn to Service of Coal-Fired Mothballed Plant
Nuclear:Pebble Bed Modular ReactorPressure Water Reactor
Import:Botswana – Mmamabula – Coal [~200Bt resources?]Mozambique – Cahora Basa – hydro - currentMozambique – Mepanda Uncua – hydroDRC – Inga – possibleNamibia – Kudu Gas - possible
8
NEW ELECTRICITY GENERATION STATIONS II
Renewable Energy:Wind – Darling Wind Farm - ~13MW
Mini Hydro – eg Bethlehem
Mini Solar
Electricity Displacement; Solar Hot Water, LPG
Gas:Gas Turbine;
LNG
Liquid
Coal Bed Methane
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UNDERGROUND GASIFICATIONFirst Flaring
Eskom20Jan07 First FlaringTechnology Provider: Ergo Exergy Inc (Canada)
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REFINERY CAPACITY
TOTALPetroSA (Gas to Liquid)Sasol (Coal to Liquid)Natref (Sasolburg: Sasol/Total)Genref (Durban: Engen)Sapref (Durban: BP/Shell)Calref (Capetown: Caltex)
Facility
666 00045 000150 00086 000105 000180 000100 000
Barrels/day(Crude or equivalent
Current liquid fuel supply: ~40% synfuel.
12
NEW LIQUID FUELS
New Synfuel Plant:Sasol considering synfuel plant on Waterberg Coalfield
Refinery Capacity:Green field
Brown field
No decision as yet
Bio-Fuels:Bio-Fuel Strategy currently before government.
14
CCS in SOUTH AFRICA
South Africa is a Member of the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum
Processing Membership for IEA GHG
First Step:
Is there potential for CCS in South Africa
If YES – then Undertake Next Steps
If NO – then Discard CCS as a Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Tool
First Step Indicated a Possible CCS Potential
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CO2 EMISSION QUANTIFICATION
Mt % EmissionSEQUESTRABLEElectricity 161 65Industrial 28 11Other Energy 30 12Manufacturing 30 12
NON-SEQUESTRABLEWaste 10 6Agriculture 48 27Fugitive 42 24Transport 22 21Heat Production 37 21
Total 408
249 Mt
159 Mt
61 %
39 %
17
SYN-FUEL CO2 EMISSIONS
~95%Total ~32Mt/y
90-9814GasifiersDownstream
10-159Boilers & Heaters
SecundaSSF Sasol 3
90-9814GasifiersDownstream
10-159Boilers & Heaters
SecundaSSF Sasol 2
90-984GasifiersDownstream
10-157Boilers & Heaters
SasolburgSasol1
CO2 Conc (%)CO2 Emitted (Mt/a)
CO2 SourceLocationPlant
18
CCS CURRENT ACTIVITIES I
Sasol Investigating Enhanced Coal Bed Methane RecoveryCountry Readiness [Enablers in place that will facilitate the implementation of a carbon capture and storage project]:
Identification and Characterisation of Sources
Identification and Characterisation of Storage Sites
Terms of Reference being compiled
International expertise
Technology make-or-break
Regulatory System – still to be addressed
19
CCS CURRENT ACTIVITIES II
Country Readiness continuedPlant Ready [Stationary Sources]Capacity Building:
Technical Know-How;Membership CSLF, IEAGHG?Bi/Multi-Lateral Co-operation
Human Capacity; CSLF Training Programme 2007 [USA] ~4 attendeesIEA Training Programme [Germany] - [Bilal Patel]
Public Outreach;FFF Workshop Jun07Journal/Newspaper Articles
21
OTHER CLEAN COAL ACTIVITIES
Coal Fired Electricity:
Super-critical
TSP/SOX/NOX
Efficiency Measures
Coal/Gas to Liquids
Gasification
Fluidised Bed Gasification
Coal Bed Methane
Basa njengo Magogo
24
SANERI ORIGIN
Establishment Directed by CabinetIncrease energy research and development in South AfricaIncrease human capacity in energy research
Established Third Quarter 2006Established as a company in the CEF Group
CEF formed under the Central Energy Fund Act of 1977Senior Managers Appointed Dec06Priorities:
Develop human capacityUndertake in-house research [main function]
25
THEMATIC AREAS
Energy Infrastructure Optimisation
Energy Efficiency and Demand Side Management
Impact of Energy Use on the Environment
Use of Energy to Stimulate Socio-Economic Development
Cleaner Fossil Fuel Use (including clean coal)
Renewable Energy
Alternative Energy Sources (including fuel cells and hydrogen)
Energy Planning and Modelling
Energy Policy Research
26
ACHIEVEMENTSResearch Projects
Contract Research FundingCall for proposals issued during October 2006
1st phase review (one pagers)
148 projects proposed, totalling R4.5 billion
78 projects, totalling R203 million identified as immediate projects
2nd phase review
72 projects reviewed with revised budget of R84.7 million
Only 41 projects, totalling ~R49 million supported, due to funding limitations only
27
ACHIEVEMENTSBursaries
Call for applications 2006
More than 50 applications received
Awarded:
10 Masters Studies Bursaries
15 Doctoral Studies Bursaries
28
ACHIEVEMENTSResearch Chairs I
ChairsClean Coal Technologies – Wits
NWU supported to develop Associate Chair
Bio-Fuels – Stellenbosch
Associate ChairsBio-Fuels – Stellenbosch
Bio-Fuels – NWU [Potch campus]
29
ACHIEVEMENTSResearch Chairs II
Future ChairsCall for Chairs in Progress
Energy EfficiencyFuel CellsClean Household EnergyHydrogen Economy
Finalisation expected soon
Hub & SpokeRenewable Energy - Stellenbosch
31
POSSIBLE AREAS OF CO-OPERATION
Carbon Storage Atlas:Council for GeoScience has Southern Africa geological expertise.Need expertise regarding the peculiarities of carbon storage.
Coal Road Map:Co-operative Initiative between;
Department of Minerals and EnergyIndustryFossil Fuel Foundation
“Wrinkles” of persons who have done it before.Methane to Markets Workshop [cFeb 2008]:
Fossil Fuel Foundation workshop to address the regulatory issues and hurdles that inhibit the movement of methane to markets.International speaker to address regulatory gaps and how they were overcome.
Identification of CCTs
32
SUMMARYSouth Africa has Coal Based Energy Economy
Coal only current economic energy reserveUndertaking Coal Energy Diversification:
Renewables: 10,000 GWh by 2013Bio-Fuels
Clean Coal Technologies:Super-CriticalUnderground GasificationCarbon Capture & StorageOtherEfficiency Increases – 12% by 2014
Coal/Gas to LiquidsSouth African National Energy Research Institute:
Newly formedCreating human capacityEventually in-house research
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