Chinese Literature [Autosaved] 2 - Copy
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WELCOME TO CHINA !!!
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The flag of China was officially adopted on October 1, 1949.
The red of the Chinese flag symbolizes the communist
revolution, and it's also the traditional color of the people.
The large gold star represents communism,
The four smaller stars represent the social classes of the
people.
In addition, the five stars together reflect the importance placed
on the number five in Chinese thought and history.
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CHINESE LITERATURE
1000 B.C.- A.D.1890
Know contentment
And you will suffer no disgrace;Know when to stop
And you will meet with no danger.
You can then endure.
- the Tao Te Ching
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Poetry is a part of everyday life throughout the
history of China
Poets have been among the most highly
regarded members of Chinese Society
2nd -12 th centuries A.D. the main Chinesepoetic form was the Shih Ching ( The Book ofSongs) Even the number of lines , each of which has the
same number of words
Often expressed personal emotions Many have brooding or trouble tone , but can
express contentment
LITERARY CONTEXT
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Contrast between Chinese and Western
modes of philosophic thinking
Western philosophers seek out the being of
things, the essent ial reality lying behind
appearances
Chinese principal and establishment and
cultivation of harmonious relationships within
their social structures
Chinese thinking is far more concrete , thisworldly and above all, practical.
CHINESE PHILOSOPHY
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Chinese attitudes and beliefs
were shaped by 3 religious and
philosophical schools:
Taoism
Confucianism
Buddhism
CULTURAL CONTEXT
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Tao- path or the way
Stresses freedom , simplicity and the
mythical contemplation of nature
(Tao)
Force that controlled the universe
Beyond the scope of human concerns
, but can see its workings by
observing nature
TAOISM
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Avoid human desires
Not educating
Not honoring men of worth or
encourage cleaver to act
Cause jealousy and greed
Opposite of Confucianism
TAOISM
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How people act moral behavior
Social relations based on
subordination: family ruled by
authoritarian father , state ruled by
authoritarian king.
Respect and obey those with superior
status
However, governed by the concept
ren with a loving attitude towards
others
CONFUCIANISM
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Tried to teach students to become
true gentlemen- morally and
spiritually
Must conduct oneself in a virtuous
manner, those in power serve as
models
Heaven is the supreme moral
authority , which dictates how one
must live.
CONFUCIANISM
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To lead a moral life
To be mindful and aware of thoughts
and actions
To develop wisdom and
understanding
Life is sorrow and sorrow is caused by
desires
Rid self of desires
Does not claim to be God
Attain enlightenment through
meditation
BUDDHISM
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Solutions to our problems are within
ourselves
Beliefs are incorporated into poetry
through symbols, imagery and
language of Chinese Literature
Quietude and calmness is a central
notion in Buddhist thought
BUDDHISM
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TRADITION AND CULTURE
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Red is the Color of Weddings in China Red is central to the wedding theme of
China. It signifies love, joy and
prosperity and is used in a variety of
ways in Chinese wedding traditions .
The bride's wedding down is often red,
as are the wedding invitations, and
wedding gift boxes or envelopes for
cash gifts. Even the bride and groom's
homes are decorated in red on the
wedding day.
CHINESE WEDDING TRADITIONS
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Event: Chinese New Year Date: The
first day of a year in lunar ca lendar,
usually between late Jan and early
Feb
Activities: fireworks display, visiting
and greeting, Yangke dancing, lion
and dragon dancing, holding temple
fairs and many other great folklore-
inspection events.
CHINESE FESTIVALS
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This was a time for the Chinese to
congratulate each other and
themselves on having passed
through another year, a time to
finish out the old, and to welcome in
the new year.
Common expressions heard at this
time are: GUONIAN to have made itthrough the old year, and BAINIAN tocongratulate the new year.
CHINESE FESTIVALS
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Event: Lantern Festival Date: 15th ofthe first lunar month
Activit ies: Lanterns expositions,garden parties, f irework displays and
folk dances.
The New Year celebrations ended on
the 15th of the Fir st Moon with
the Lantern Festival . In the legend, the Jade Emperor in
Heaven was so angered at a town for
kil l ing his favorite goose, that he
decided to destroy it with a storm of
fire.
CHINESE FESTIVALS
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Event: Dragon Boat Festival Date: Date: 5th day of the 5th
lunar month
Activities: Dragon Boat races andeating Zong Zi (pyramid shapedrice wrapped in reed or bamboo
leaves
CHINESE FESTIVALS
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Chinese jade ornamentwith dragon and phoenix design,
late Spring and Autumn
Period (722 BC-482 BC).
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Vegetables are the main
ingredients.
The Chinese people like well-
prepared food.
Chinese also like to eat together, a
tradition that can be traced back a
long time ago.
Tea drinking is an integral part of
Chinese life and the Chinese food
experience.
CHINESE CUISINE IS NOTED FOR THEFOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:
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A good education has always been highly
valued in China, as the people bel ieve that
education ensures not only the future and
development of the individual but also thefamily and the country as a whole.
The great master Confucius taught that 'i t
is a pleasure to learn something and to try i tout at intervals' . Similarly, numerous
students have been convinced that ' reading
books excels al l other careers' .
EDUCATION
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As far back as the Shang Dynasty
(16th century BC - 11th centur y BC),
inscriptions on bones or tortoise
shells were the simple records of
teaching and learning. In the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th
century BC - 771 BC), nobles built
schools to teach their children, as
their offsprings would be the
officials of the future, while thosewho were gifted but of poor families
could but dream of approaching
state affairs.
EDUCATION
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The development of education system led to a
form of evaluation that became the mea ns by
which dynastic China appointed those with
talents as officials.
In general, this process can be divided into
three periods - 'chaju' and 'zhengpi' in the
Han Dynasty, the ' j iupin zhongzheng' system
from Han to the Northern and Southern
Dynasties, and the Imperial Examination
which survived from the Sui Dynasty (589 -
618) r ight through to the last feudal dyna sty
Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911).
EDUCATION
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Chinese ( ) comprises of seven main dialects,
Mandarin ( ) , Cantonese ( , ) , Hakka (
) , Wu ( ) , Min ( ) , Xiang ( ) , and Gan ( ) .
The var iety of Mandarin based on the speech in the
capital Bei j ing is the off icia l nat ional language of
mainland China and is termed Ptnghu , Common
language ( ) .
The de facto common language in Hong Kong and
overseas Chinese communit ies is Cantonese. Amongst
the off icia l languages of Taiwan are Mandarin,
Taiwanese, and Hakka .
THE CHINESE LANGUAGE
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All varieties of Chinese belong to the
Sino-Tibetan family of languages.
Members of the Sinitic family are
typically tonal, meaning that different
tones, or intonations, distinguish wordsthat otherwise are pronounced
identically.
Chinese by origin is monosyllabic. The
vocabulary of dialects more recent in the
linguistic tree such are Mandarin tend to
become more polysyllabic (compound
words) as an adjustment to the loss of a
number of sounds compared to ancient
Chinese.
THE CHINESE LANGUAGE
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THE CHINESE ALPHABET In the Chinese alphabet, small letters are written like capital
letters, and vice versa.
i
B bC xD dE y
F i fG jH i ch
I i
J jiK kiL i lM i mN i nO P pQ j wR i rS i sT tU y wV wiW du bi r wiX y k sY w iZ zi d
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The 100 yuan note has picturesof four of the founders of thePeople's Republic of China.From right to left these are :Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, LiuShaoqi, and Zhu De.
CHINESE MONEY AND COUNTING
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Chinese martial arts , popularlyreferred to as kung fu or gung fu,
CHINESE MARTIAL ARTS
is a series of fighting styles which hasdeveloped over a long historical period
in China. Nowadays, it is regarded as a
traditional sport gaining more and more
popularity and even stands as a
representative for Chinese culture.
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