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Lifecycle NutritionLifecycle Nutrition
Childhood, Adolescence and Elderly Childhood, Adolescence and Elderly NutritionNutrition
Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth
Growth chartsGrowth charts Follow a child along a percentileFollow a child along a percentile Types of growth charts:Types of growth charts:
Height for AgeHeight for Age Weight for HeightWeight for Height Head CircumferenceHead Circumference Boys and GirlsBoys and Girls
BMI not a valid health indicator in growing BMI not a valid health indicator in growing childrenchildren
Nutrition Risks for Early ChildhoodNutrition Risks for Early Childhood
Nutrients of concern:Nutrients of concern: Protein – high need for essential amino acids, Protein – high need for essential amino acids,
RDA = 0.95-1.10 grams/kg body weightRDA = 0.95-1.10 grams/kg body weight Iron – stores depleted between 4 and 6 months of Iron – stores depleted between 4 and 6 months of
ageage Zinc – critical for body growthZinc – critical for body growth Vitamin D – difficult to obtain enough from food, Vitamin D – difficult to obtain enough from food,
seasonal variation in production ability via seasonal variation in production ability via sunlight exposuresunlight exposure
Early Childhood Eating PatternsEarly Childhood Eating Patterns
Three main meals separated by snacksThree main meals separated by snacks Parents or caregivers are primary role modelsParents or caregivers are primary role models Novel foodsNovel foods
12 exposures before a child no longer considers a food to 12 exposures before a child no longer considers a food to be “new” anymorebe “new” anymore
SatietySatiety Tiredness, hunger, excitement, consistencyTiredness, hunger, excitement, consistency Healthy eating patterns begin earlyHealthy eating patterns begin early
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture. www.MyPyramid.gov
Nutrition Risks for Early ChildhoodNutrition Risks for Early Childhood
Iron, vitamin deficienciesIron, vitamin deficiencies Food jagsFood jags Excessive fluidsExcessive fluids Sweet, fat flavorsSweet, fat flavors MilkMilk Constant snackingConstant snacking ChokingChoking
Adolescent NutritionAdolescent Nutrition
Generally low riskGenerally low risk More peer influence, More peer influence,
less parental less parental influenceinfluence
Eating disordersEating disorders Anorexia nervosaAnorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosaBulimia nervosa
Alcohol and NutritionAlcohol and Nutrition Alcohol = ethanolAlcohol = ethanol
Provides 7 kcal/gramProvides 7 kcal/gram One serving of alcohol depends on the alcohol content of One serving of alcohol depends on the alcohol content of
the beverage (about 15 grams of ethanol per serving)the beverage (about 15 grams of ethanol per serving) Wine (4 oz)Wine (4 oz) Beer (12 oz)Beer (12 oz) Liquor (1.5 oz)Liquor (1.5 oz)
Alcoholism – disease defined by the American Alcoholism – disease defined by the American Medical Association as impairment of physical and Medical Association as impairment of physical and metal faculties due to chronic and excessive alcohol metal faculties due to chronic and excessive alcohol consumptionconsumption Alcohol is the most commonly abused drug worldwideAlcohol is the most commonly abused drug worldwide
Alcohol and NutritionAlcohol and Nutrition
U.S. Dietary GuidelinesU.S. Dietary Guidelines If you consume alcohol, do so in moderationIf you consume alcohol, do so in moderation
So what is moderate alcohol consumption?So what is moderate alcohol consumption? 2 or fewer drinks/day for men2 or fewer drinks/day for men 1 or fewer drinks/day for women1 or fewer drinks/day for women
NO alcohol intake is recommended during NO alcohol intake is recommended during pregnancy due to risk of fetal alcohol pregnancy due to risk of fetal alcohol syndromesyndrome
Alcohol and NutritionAlcohol and Nutrition
Metabolism of alcoholMetabolism of alcohol Absorbed rapidly through stomach and small intestineAbsorbed rapidly through stomach and small intestine Crosses cell membranes readily, including brain cellsCrosses cell membranes readily, including brain cells Is released in urine, sweat, by lungs (BAC/breathalyzer)Is released in urine, sweat, by lungs (BAC/breathalyzer)
Rate of metabolism differs based on:Rate of metabolism differs based on: Alcohol dehydrogenase and genderAlcohol dehydrogenase and gender Body sizeBody size EthnicityEthnicity Chronic useChronic use
Table 16.5Table 16.5
Alcohol and NutritionAlcohol and Nutrition Physical effects:Physical effects:
Liver toxicity and cirrhosis (fluid production/beer belly)Liver toxicity and cirrhosis (fluid production/beer belly) Oral, esophageal, and stomach cancerOral, esophageal, and stomach cancer Brain damageBrain damage Other organ damageOther organ damage Fat accumulation (beer belly)Fat accumulation (beer belly)
Alcohol and NutritionAlcohol and Nutrition
Social effects:Social effects: Risk to self and othersRisk to self and others Poor work and school performancePoor work and school performance Violence, property damageViolence, property damage Relationship problemsRelationship problems DepressionDepression Risk of passing on alcoholic behaviorsRisk of passing on alcoholic behaviors to children to children
Elder NutritionElder Nutrition
Source: Bobroff LB, Shelnutt KP. MyPyramid for older adults. 2007. University of Florida. http://enafs.ifas.ufl.edu/MyPyramid%20for%20Older%20Adults.html. Accessed 12-4-08. Reprinted with permission.
Elder NutritionElder Nutrition DETERMINE acronymDETERMINE acronym
DD EE TT EE RR MM II NN EE
Elder NutritionElder Nutrition
Body composition changesBody composition changes Decreased lean body mass, increased body fat percentage Decreased lean body mass, increased body fat percentage
decrease in BMR decrease in BMR Nutrition risk factors:Nutrition risk factors:
AlcoholismAlcoholism Anorexia (poor appetite)Anorexia (poor appetite) Chronic diseaseChronic disease DysphagiaDysphagia DentitionDentition Depression or dementiaDepression or dementia Decreased mobility, fine motor skillsDecreased mobility, fine motor skills
Nutrition risk, cont.:Nutrition risk, cont.: Food procurement and preparationFood procurement and preparation Diminished sense of smell and tasteDiminished sense of smell and taste Long-term care facilityLong-term care facility Loss of spouseLoss of spouse PolypharmacyPolypharmacy Vision problemsVision problems Financial hardshipFinancial hardship SurgerySurgery
Fig. 16.3.jpgFig. 16.3.jpg
Nutrition Services in the CommunityNutrition Services in the Community
Food Stamp ProgramFood Stamp Program Emergency Food Assistance ProgramEmergency Food Assistance Program Child and Adult Care Food Program (for daycare Child and Adult Care Food Program (for daycare
situations)situations) Senior Nutrition ProgramSenior Nutrition Program
Congregate Meals ProgramCongregate Meals Program Home-Delivered Meals ProgramHome-Delivered Meals Program
Senior CenterSenior Center Meals on WheelsMeals on Wheels
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