Chemical Compounds in Living Things Organic Chemistry.

Chemical Compounds in Living Things

Organic Chemistry

Water• The Human Body is mostly

water.• Approximately 2/3-3/4 of the

human body by weight is water.

• Water carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste products through the body in solution.

Carbon

•Organic Basis of Life•The chemical property of

carbon to bond covalently with other carbons form many types of structures.

Carbohydrates•Examples

– Sugars– Starch– Glycogen– Cellulose– Composed of:

•C:H:O in a 1:2:1 ratio

•Use: For Energy!

Carbohydrates• Provides most of body’s needed energy.• Monosaccharides: simple sugars - form a ring

structure of 5, 6, or 7 carbons an also contain an oxygen and a hydroxyl group

• Disaccharides: glucose, fructose and ribose• Polysaccharides: starches - can be branched or

unbranched chains.

Structure of Carbohydrates

Lipids•Examples– Fat– Wax – Oil– Composed of:

•C:H:O-but less O than carbohydrates

Use: Insulation (warmth), energy storage, makes up cell membrane and protects organs.

Structure of Lipids

Proteins• Examples

– Meat– Dairy (milk, cheese, eggs, nuts)– Composed of:

•C:H:O:N

• Use: muscle contraction, transport oxygen, provides immunity, carry out chemical reactions (enzymes and hormones).

Nucleic Acids•Examples

–DNA–RNA–Composed of:–H:O:N:C+Phosphorus

•DNA use: carry out genetic code

•RNA use: instruct the cell to make proteins.

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