Chem 31.1 ATQ Experiment 1
Post on 09-Apr-2016
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Experiment 1 – Solubility of Organic Compounds
Theoretical Data 1
Theoretical Data 2
Test compound SolventsWater Ether 5%
NaOH5%
NaHCO3
5% HCl Conc. H2SO4
Hexane + +Aniline - - +Benzamide + -Cellulose - - - +dichloromethane - - - -benzyl alcohol - - - +ethyl alcohol + +ethyl acetate + +Acetone + +Sucrose + -Toluene - - - -Glycine + -benzaldehyde - - - +benzoic acid - - - +
Classification:
Answers to Questions:
1. State what types of intermolecular forces are present in solutions formed due to intermolecular attractions between the solute and the solvent
For Water-Soluble Compounds:Acetone – Water: Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forcesAcetone – Diethyl Ether: Dipole – (induced) dipole and van der Waals forcesSucrose – Water: Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forcesEthyl alcohol – Water: Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forcesEthyl alcohol – Dietheyl Ether: Dipole – (induced) dipole and van der Waals
forces For Acidic Compounds:Benzoic Acid – NaOH: Ion – (induced) dipole and van der Waals forcesBenzoic Acid – NaHCO3: Ion – (induced) dipole and van der Waals forcesPhenol – NaOH: Hydrogen Bonding, Ion – dipole, and van der Waals forces
For Basic Compound(s):Aniline – HCl: Ion – dipole and van der Waals forces
For Neutral Compounds:Benzyl alcohol – H2SO4: Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forcesBenzaldehyde – H2SO4: Ion – (induced) dipole and van der Waals forces
Solutions with water:ethanol and water: H-bonding sucrose with water: H-bondingphenylmethanol with water: H-bonding (partial solubility)
Solutions with ether:sucrose with ether: London dispersionphenylmethanol with ether: London dispersion
2. Write the balanced chemical equations for solute-solvent combinations that are formed due to chemical reactions.
. benzoic acid: C6H5COOH + NaOH -> C6H5COO- Na+ + H2Obenzamide: C6H5CONH2 + H2SO4 -> C6H5COSH2 + HNO2
phenylmethanal: C6H5CHO + H2SO4 -> C6H5
phenol: C6H5OH + NaOH -> C6H5O- Na+ + H2Oaniline: C6H5NH2 + HCl -> C6H5NH3 + Cl-
A2.For Acidic Compounds:Benzoic Acid – NaOH〖C_6 H_5 COOH+NaOH→ H_2 O+ C_6 H_5 COO〗^-+Na^+Benzoic Acid – NaHCO3〖C_6 H_5 COOH+NaHCO_3→ H_2 O+ CO_2+C_6 H_5 COO〗^-+Na^+Phenol – NaOHPhOH+NaOH→H_2 O+ PhO^-+Na^+
3. On the basis of solubility behaviour, show how each of the following pairs of compounds may be distinguished from each other:
a. CH3COOH and CH3(CH2)5COOH - Diethyl ether
b. CH3CH2OCH2CH3 and CH3CH2OH – NaOH
c. toluene and benzaldehyde - concentrated H2SO4
d. tert-butyl chloride and tert-butanol - H2O
Reference: http://webapps.utsc.utoronto.ca/chemistryonline/solubility.php
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