Chapter Vi

Chapter Vi

Matter Changes and Chemical Reaction

Learning Objective

After learning this unit, you are expected to able to:

1.Summarize the pysical and chemical changes based on simple experiments

2.Identify chemical reaction through simple experiments

Phisical Changes

Chemical Changes

AND

A. Physical Changes

Physical changes : a change which doesn’t changes the stack of matter shaper particles or it doesn’t produce a new substances.Examples :Evaporated water, Melted ice, and sugar which is dissolved on glass.

a. Physical Changes Caused by Temperature ChangesPhysical Changes Caused by Temperature Changes can happen caused increase temperature and decrease temperature.

Examples : Boiling water will be evaporated, freezing water will be condensed, and go back to its liquid forms.

b. Physical Changes Caused by Pressure or Mechanical Treatment

Physical Changes can also happen because of the pressure or the mechanical treatment.

Examples : Potatoes that are chopped into small pieces or rice which are pounded into flour.

c. Physical Changes Caused by Mixing SubstanceMixing of non-reactive substances is also able to cause a physical change. Those mixed substance can be separated again.

Example : Sulfur and iron powder may form heterogeneous mixtures.

d. Physical Changes Caused by Electricity

Physical changes also may occure if electrical current is passed to a substance.

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1.Electrical equipment become hot

2.Flares up a light bulb

3.Transforms iron into magnet.

Flares Up A Light Bulb

Electricity can also produce light.

Example : Flares up a light bulb.

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Electrical equipment become hot

Electricity can cause an object become hot.

Example : the heating element in an iron or kettle becomes very hot when electricity is supplied to them.

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Transforms Iron Into Magnet

Magnetic effect could be emerged if we supply an iron with electricity. If electricity is supplied to the wire pool around the iron stalk, it will produce a temporary magnetic efect.

Example : Big electromagnet.

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B. Chemical Changes

Chemical Changes is a change which caused the change of the stack of the matter shaper particles or produce a new substance.

Example : Salt which is mixed with water can produce a solution without reacting.

1. Chemical Changes Causes by Heated Process

Some chemical changes or reaction can be caused by temperature changes, especially by heating process. Besides, heating process can also emerge some chemical reaction such as combination reaction, decomposition reaction, and burning reaction.

Example : Burnt wood.

2. Chemical Changes Caused by Mixing Process

Mixing Process is also able to cause chemical changes.

Example : Mixture of sodium chloride solution and Chopper (II) sulphate will produce a blu sediment. Its Reaction equation is as follow :

Sodium hydroxide + Copper (II) sulphate=> sodium shulpate + chopper (II) hydroxide

3. Chemical Changes Caused by Electrical Effect

Electrical effect can disentangle a substance into some other simpler substance. Chemical decompetition by supplying electrical power is electrolysis.

Example : We can distangle water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by supplying electrial power.

4. Chemical Changes Caused by Light

Light is also able to cause chemical change.

Example : Photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide + water => glucose and oxygen

The difference beetween physical changes and chemical changes

No. Physical Changes Chemical Changes

1. Doesn’t produce a new substance

Produces a new substances

2. Reversible Irreversible

3. There isn’t any chemical reaction

There is a chemical reaction that can be marked by the making of gas, sediment, color and changing of energy

Chemical Reaction

A. What is Chemical Reaction?

Chemical reaction is the phenomenon of the chemical change from reactant into product which always produce a new substance.

Example : Sugar that reacts with sulphuric acid will produce carbon and water vapor.

B. Chemistry Reaction Equation

Chemistry Reaction equation can called reaction equation. A reaction equation is a more efficient way to state about chemical reaction.

In a reaction equation, ractan in the left side and product in the right side.

reactan => product

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Example and RequirementsExample :

Requirements :

1.In a reaction equation, reactant and product must be balanced.

2.The physical condition of reactant and product must be added to the equation. With symbol (s) for solid matter, (l) for liquid, (g) for gas and (aq) for water solution.

Na + Cl2 => NaCl

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C. Chemical Reaction’s Charateristics

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a.The Formation of Sediment

b.The Change of The Color

c.The Change of Temperature

d.The Formation of Gas

a.The Formation of Sediment

Example :

If lead nitrate solution (Pb(NO3)2) and pottasium iodide (Kl) are mixed, it will be produced a yellow sediment of lead iodide salt (Pbl2). The chemical reaction equation is

(Pb(NO3)2) (aq)+2Kl(aq) => Pbl2(s)+2KNO3(aq)

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b.The Change of Color

Example :

Reaction of green chlorine gas with colorless hydrogen gas that can produce colorless hydrochloride gas. The chemical reaction equation is

Cl2(g) + H2(g) => HCl(g)

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c.The Change of Temperature

In a chemical reaction, the heat energy can be absorbed or released on the medium where the reaction happened.The chemical reaction which release heat is called exotermic reaction. The chemical reaction which absorb heat is called endotermic reaction.

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d.The Formation of Gas

One of the clues can show the occurence of a chemical reaction is the presence of a product which is in the form of gas.

Example : Boiling ammonium chloride solid with sodium hydroxide solution.

NH4Cl(s)+NaOH(aq)=>NaCl (aq)+H2O(l)+NH3(g)

D.Type of Chemical Reaction

a.Combination Reaction

b.Dissociation reaction

c.Exchange reaction

d.Sedimentation reaction

e.Neutralitation reaction

f.Combustion reaction

a.Combination Reaction

The combination reaction involved the direct combination of two substances to produce a new substance.

A and B can be in the form of element or compound, C is a new compound.

Example :

A + B => C

Iron + Sulphur => iron(II) sulphide

b.Dissociation Reaction

Dissosiation reaction involves the disentanglement of a single compound into a simpler substance.

AB is a compound, A and B can be in the form of element or compound.

Example : water electrolysis

AB => A + B

c.Exchange Reaction

Exchange reaction is a reaction which involves the exchange of a substance with another substance in a compound.

A and B are elements, BC and AC are compound.

Example :

A + BC => B + AC

Cu(s) + AgNO3(l) => CuNO3(l) + Ag(s)

d.Sedimentation Reaction

Sedimentation reaction happen ehen the ions on a solution merge to produce a new compound with a low solubity on water. This compound forms solid particles that later on will be settled snd form a sediment.

Example :

NaCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)=>AgCl(s)+NaNO3(aq)

e.Neutralisation Reaction

Neutralisation Reaction is the acid and base are mixed and will be salt and water.

Example :

Acid + base => salt + water

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) => NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

f.Combustion Reaction

Combustion refers to the combination of substance with oxygen when it is heated.

During combustion, heat and light may be produced.

Physical and Chemical Changes in Daily Life

We can find many physical and chemical changes in daily life, like at haome, around our neighborhood, or in industrial process.

Example :

Chemistry changes : cooking food

Physical Changes : making of ice cubes for beverages

Thank YouMembers of Group

Ainaul Rizki (1)Dwi Titus Indriyawati (7)

Kurnia Putri Alfiah Tri Rahayu (15)Rike Adelia (19)

Teacher of PhysicsSutana, S.Pd

POWER POINT OF MATTER CHANGES AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS