Chapter 8 The Presidency

Chapter 8The Presidency

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives

Roots of the Office of President of the United States

LO 8.1: Trace the development of the presidency and the provisions for choosing and replacing presidents.

The Constitutional Powers of the President

LO 8.2: Identify and describe the constitutional powers of the president.

The Development and Expansion of Presidential Power

LO 8.3: Evaluate the development and expansion of presidential power.

The Presidential EstablishmentLO 8.4: Outline the structure of the presidential establishment and the functions of each of its components.

Presidential Leadership and the Importance of Public Opinion

LO 8.5: Explain the concept of presidential leadership, and analyze the importance of public opinion.

Toward Reform: The President as Policy Maker

LO 8.6: Assess the president’s role as policy maker.

Roots of the Office of President of the United StatesLO 8.1: Trace the development of the presidency and the provisions forchoosing and replacing presidents.• Presidential qualifications

– Natural born citizen– Twenty-Second Amendment—term

limits– Impeachment– Executive privilege—U.S. v. Nixon (1974)

• Rules of succession– Twenty-Fifth Amendment

• Vice President• Speaker of the House• President Pro Tempore

To Learning Objectives

Which presidents have been impeached?

A. Andrew JacksonB. Andrew JohnsonC. Richard NixonD. Bill ClintonE. Both B and D

LO 8.1

Which presidents have been impeached?

A. Andrew JacksonB. Andrew JohnsonC. Richard NixonD. Bill ClintonE. Both B and D

LO 8.1

The Constitutional Powers of the President LO 8.2: Identify and describe the constitutional powers of the president.• Appointment power

– Cabinet– Judiciary– Agencies

• Power to convene Congress

– Federalist Paper No. 77• Power to make

treaties– Treaty of Versailles (1919)– Executive agreements

The Constitutional Powers of the President

• Veto power– Few vetoes are overridden– Line-item veto

• Power to preside over military as Commander in Chief

– War Powers Act of 1973• Pardoning power

– Nixon and Ford– Carter

LO 8.2

The publication of ____________ led to the passage of the War Powers Act of 1973.

A. Johnny Got His GunB. Slaughterhouse-FiveC. The Thin Red Line D. The Pentagon PapersE. The Good Soldier Svejk

LO 8.2

The publication of ____________ led to the passage of the War Powers Act of 1973.

A. Johnny Got His GunB. Slaughterhouse-FiveC. The Thin Red Line D. The Pentagon PapersE. The Good Soldier Svejk

LO 8.2

• Establishing presidential authority– George Washington sets precedent: primacy of

national government, Cabinet, foreign policy, neutrality, inherent powers

– John Adams and Thomas Jefferson follow suit• Incremental expansion of presidential

powers: 1809-1933– Andrew Jackson: the veto– Abraham Lincoln: habeas corpus, overriding

congressional mandates, unconstitutional blockades, U.S. mail

• Growth of modern presidency– Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal

The Development and Expansion of Presidential PowerLO 8.3: Evaluate the development and expansion of presidential power.

What are the inherent powers of the president?

A. Powers that can be specifically found in the constitution

B. Powers that a president inherits from his predecessors

C. Powers a president inherits from his familyD. Powers that can be inferred from the

ConstitutionE. Overwhelmingly unconstitutional powers

LO 8.3

What are the inherent powers of the president?

A. Powers that can be specifically found in the constitution

B. Powers that a president inherits from his predecessors

C. Powers a president inherits from his familyD. Powers that can be inferred from the

ConstitutionE. Overwhelmingly unconstitutional powers

LO 8.3

• Vice president– Greater powers in recent

history• Cabinet

– Article II, section 3– Size

• First Lady– Influence on policy– Informal social/philanthropic

endeavors• Executive Office of the

President• White House staff

The Presidential EstablishmentLO 8.4: Outline the structure of the presidential establishment and thefunctions of each of its components.

Who established the Executive Office of the President?

A. The peopleB. President Abraham LincolnC. CongressD. President John F. KennedyE. President Franklin D. Roosevelt

LO 8.4

Who established the Executive Office of the President?

A. The peopleB. President Abraham LincolnC. CongressD. President John F. KennedyE. President Franklin D. Roosevelt

LO 8.4

• Presidential leadership

– Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, Roosevelt

– Richard E. Neustadt– James David Barber

• Going public– The bully pulpit– Press conferences– Television appearances

• The public’s perception of performance

– Approval ratings

Presidential Leadership and the Importance of Public OpinionLO 8.5: Explain the concept of presidential leadership, and analyzethe importance of public opinion.

With few exceptions, presidents generally receive their highest approval ratings when?

A. In the last two months of their final termB. At the beginning of their second termC. At the beginning of their first termD. During long wars like the Vietnam WarE. During the summer

LO 8.5

With few exceptions, presidents generally receive their highest approval ratings when?

A. In the last two months of their final termB. At the beginning of their second termC. At the beginning of their first termD. During long wars like the Vietnam WarE. During the summer

LO 8.5

Toward Reform: The President as Policy MakerLO 8.6: Assess the president’s role as policy maker.

• President’s role in proposing and facilitating legislation

– Franklin D. Roosevelt– Difficulties

• Budgetary process and legislative implementation

– Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

• Policy making through executive order

– Limited effectiveness– Youngstown Sheet and Tube v.

Sawyer (1952)To Learning Objectives

When did the president first begin to become involved in the budgetary process?

A. During the Civil WarB. Following the stock market crash of 1929C. During WWID. Following WWIIE. The president has never been involved in the

budgetary process

LO 8.6

When did the president first begin to become involved in the budgetary process?

A. During the Civil WarB. Following the stock market crash of 1929C. During WWID. Following WWIIE. The president has never been involved in the

budgetary process

LO 8.6

BackTo Learning Objectives

Table 8.1: Who were the U.S. presidents?

ContinueTo Learning Objectives

Table 8.1: Who were the U.S. presidents?

Table 8.2: What is the presidential line of succession?

Table 8.3: How many presidential vetoes have there been?

Table 8.4: Who were the best and worst U.S. presidents?

Table 8.5: What can we learn from presidential personalities?

Chapter 8 The Presidency

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