Transcript
Chapter 5: Cell Division
Important terms and concept
1. Haploid – Cell with single __________________ set of chromosome (n)
2. Diploid – Cell with _____ sets of chromosomes (2n)
3. Cell division:
a) Mitosis – 1 parent cell (2n) ___ daughter cells ( _____ )
b) Meiosis – 1 parent cell (2n) ___ daughter cells ( _____ )
4.
5.1) Mitosis
1. 1 parent cell (2n) _____ daughter cells ( _____ )
2. It is part of the cell cycle (Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis)
3. Interphase is divided into:
a) ____ __________ Growth of cell by producing proteins and organelles
b) ____ __________ Synthesis of DNA (thread-like chromatin)
c) ____ __________ Growth of cell by producing proteins and organelles
4. Mitosis is divided into __________________, _________________, _______________
and __________________
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Prophase Chromosomes start to appear and _______________ as 2 identical chromatids
Nuclear membrane ______________________ and nucleolus ___________________
Centrioles move apart to ______________ sides ____________ ______________ begins to form
Metaphase Chromosomes move to cell’s _________________ Chromosomes ___________ ________ at cell’s equator
with centromeres attached to spindle fibre Each ______________faces its own pole
Anaphase Chromosomes divide into two Each ___________ _______________ separate and
move to opposite poles When the chromatids reached its own pole, they become
independent chromosomes
Telophase There are now ____sets of chromosomes, one at each pole
Chromosomes become __________________ structures Spindle fibre __________________ ___________ ________________ begins to form
around both sets of chromosomes __________________ reappears _________________ begins
5. Cytokinesis in animal cells is by forming _________________ while that of plant cells is
by forming __________________
6. Importance of mitosis
a) Repair _______________ cells and ______________ dead cells
b) ________________ reproduction in unicellular organisms
c) Preserve ________________ number of chromosome
d) Ensure new cells are __________________ to parent cells
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7. Application of mitosis
a) Repair damaged cells and replace dead cells
b) Tissue culture
c) Clonnnig
d) Uncontrolled mitosis causes cancer
5.2) Meiosis
1. 1 parent cell (2n) _____ daughter cells ( ____ )
2. Meiosis is divided into:
a) Meiosis I b) Meiosis II ______________________ __________________________ ______________________ __________________________ ______________________ __________________________ ______________________ __________________________
Prophase I Chromosomes _____________ and ____________ Each chromosome consists of 2 ____________
_____________ _________________ _________________ pair together
(bivalent) via _________________ The criss-cross between homologous chromosomes is
known as ___________________ This results in genetic variation _______________ move to opposite poles ____________ ____________ forms _____________ ______________ and ______________
disintegrateMetaphase I Paired homologous chromosomes line up at cell’s
________________ Each chromosome are attached to spindle fibre at
centromeres Each ____________ faces its own pole
Anaphase I Paired homologous chromosomes _______________ from each other and move to _______________ pole
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Telophase I Chromosomes reached its own pole Each pole has ____________ chromosome set Spindle fibre ______________ ___________ __________ and ____________ reform Cytokinesis begins
3. Meiosis II is the same as mitosis
4. Importance of meiosis
a) Allow trait inheritance in offspring
b) Maintain _____________ number of chromosomes in each generation
c) Ensure production of ____________ gametes in ____________ reproduction
d) Produce genetic _________________
Comparison between Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Meiosis I Meiosis IISimilarities
1. Consists of ____ stages, ie. ___________, ____________, ___________ & ___________2. Involves division of nucleus and cytoplasm
DifferencesSynapsis
Crossing over
In metaphase I, ___________ ________________________ line up at equator
Metaphase
In metaphase II, __________ _______________ line up at equator
In anaphase I, ____________ ________________________ separate and move to opposite side
Anaphase I
In anaphase II, ___________ _______________ separate and move to opposite side
_____ daughter cells ( ____ )Number of daughter cells
______ daughter cells ( ___ )
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Comparison between Meiosis and Mitosis
Meiosis MitosisSimilarities
1. Both process are cell division process2. Chromosomes only replicate once
DifferencesPlace occur
Number of division
_____ daughter cells ( ___ ) Number of daughter cells ____ daughter cells ( ___ )
Synapsis
Number of cytokinesis
Crossing over
Each daughter cell has _____ the number of chromosome of parent cell
Number of chromosomes in daughter cells
Each daughter cell has the ________ number of chromosome as parent cell
Genetic composition are ________________________ to parent cell or to each other
Genetic composition of daughter cells
Genetic composition are _________________ to parent cell and each other
Occurs during interphase before Meiosis I begins DNA replication
Occurs during interphase before mitosis begins
Role in animal body
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