Chapter 5

Chapter 5: Cell Division

Important terms and concept

1. Haploid – Cell with single __________________ set of chromosome (n)

2. Diploid – Cell with _____ sets of chromosomes (2n)

3. Cell division:

a) Mitosis – 1 parent cell (2n) ___ daughter cells ( _____ )

b) Meiosis – 1 parent cell (2n) ___ daughter cells ( _____ )

4.

5.1) Mitosis

1. 1 parent cell (2n) _____ daughter cells ( _____ )

2. It is part of the cell cycle (Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis)

3. Interphase is divided into:

a) ____ __________ Growth of cell by producing proteins and organelles

b) ____ __________ Synthesis of DNA (thread-like chromatin)

c) ____ __________ Growth of cell by producing proteins and organelles

4. Mitosis is divided into __________________, _________________, _______________

and __________________

1 © Gabriel Chua, 2013

Prophase Chromosomes start to appear and _______________ as 2 identical chromatids

Nuclear membrane ______________________ and nucleolus ___________________

Centrioles move apart to ______________ sides ____________ ______________ begins to form

Metaphase Chromosomes move to cell’s _________________ Chromosomes ___________ ________ at cell’s equator

with centromeres attached to spindle fibre Each ______________faces its own pole

Anaphase Chromosomes divide into two Each ___________ _______________ separate and

move to opposite poles When the chromatids reached its own pole, they become

independent chromosomes

Telophase There are now ____sets of chromosomes, one at each pole

Chromosomes become __________________ structures Spindle fibre __________________ ___________ ________________ begins to form

around both sets of chromosomes __________________ reappears _________________ begins

5. Cytokinesis in animal cells is by forming _________________ while that of plant cells is

by forming __________________

6. Importance of mitosis

a) Repair _______________ cells and ______________ dead cells

b) ________________ reproduction in unicellular organisms

c) Preserve ________________ number of chromosome

d) Ensure new cells are __________________ to parent cells


7. Application of mitosis

a) Repair damaged cells and replace dead cells

b) Tissue culture

c) Clonnnig

d) Uncontrolled mitosis causes cancer

5.2) Meiosis

1. 1 parent cell (2n) _____ daughter cells ( ____ )

2. Meiosis is divided into:

a) Meiosis I b) Meiosis II ______________________ __________________________ ______________________ __________________________ ______________________ __________________________ ______________________ __________________________

Prophase I Chromosomes _____________ and ____________ Each chromosome consists of 2 ____________

_____________ _________________ _________________ pair together

(bivalent) via _________________ The criss-cross between homologous chromosomes is

known as ___________________ This results in genetic variation _______________ move to opposite poles ____________ ____________ forms _____________ ______________ and ______________

disintegrateMetaphase I Paired homologous chromosomes line up at cell’s

________________ Each chromosome are attached to spindle fibre at

centromeres Each ____________ faces its own pole

Anaphase I Paired homologous chromosomes _______________ from each other and move to _______________ pole


Telophase I Chromosomes reached its own pole Each pole has ____________ chromosome set Spindle fibre ______________ ___________ __________ and ____________ reform Cytokinesis begins

3. Meiosis II is the same as mitosis

4. Importance of meiosis

a) Allow trait inheritance in offspring

b) Maintain _____________ number of chromosomes in each generation

c) Ensure production of ____________ gametes in ____________ reproduction

d) Produce genetic _________________

Comparison between Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Meiosis I Meiosis IISimilarities

1. Consists of ____ stages, ie. ___________, ____________, ___________ & ___________2. Involves division of nucleus and cytoplasm

DifferencesSynapsis

Crossing over

In metaphase I, ___________ ________________________ line up at equator

Metaphase

In metaphase II, __________ _______________ line up at equator

In anaphase I, ____________ ________________________ separate and move to opposite side

Anaphase I

In anaphase II, ___________ _______________ separate and move to opposite side

_____ daughter cells ( ____ )Number of daughter cells

______ daughter cells ( ___ )


Comparison between Meiosis and Mitosis

Meiosis MitosisSimilarities

1. Both process are cell division process2. Chromosomes only replicate once

DifferencesPlace occur

Number of division

_____ daughter cells ( ___ ) Number of daughter cells ____ daughter cells ( ___ )

Synapsis

Number of cytokinesis

Crossing over

Each daughter cell has _____ the number of chromosome of parent cell

Number of chromosomes in daughter cells

Each daughter cell has the ________ number of chromosome as parent cell

Genetic composition are ________________________ to parent cell or to each other

Genetic composition of daughter cells

Genetic composition are _________________ to parent cell and each other

Occurs during interphase before Meiosis I begins DNA replication

Occurs during interphase before mitosis begins

Role in animal body


Chapter 5

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