Chapter 4: Time Response 1 ©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e Chapter 4 Time Response.

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©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response1

Chapter 4

Time Response

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response2

Figure 4.1a. System showinginput and output;b. pole-zero plotof the system;c. evolution of asystem response.Follow blue arrowsto see the evolutionof the responsecomponent generatedby the pole or zero.

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response3

Figure 4.2Effect of a real-axispole upon transientresponse

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response4

Figure 4.3System forExample 4.1

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response5

Figure 4.4a. First-order system;b. pole plot

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response6

Figure 4.5First-order systemresponse to a unitstep

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response7

Figure 4.6Laboratory resultsof a system stepresponse test

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response8

Figure 4.7Second-ordersystems, pole plots,and stepresponses

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response9

Figure 4.8Second-orderstep response componentsgenerated bycomplex poles

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response10

Figure 4.9System forExample 4.2

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response11

Figure 4.10Step responsesfor second-ordersystemdamping cases

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response12

Figure 4.11Second-orderresponse as a function of damping ratio

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response13

Figure 4.12Systems forExample 4.4

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Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response14

Figure 4.13Second-orderunderdampedresponses fordamping ratio values

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Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response15

Figure 4.14Second-orderunderdampedresponsespecifications

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Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response16

Figure 4.15Percentovershoot vs.damping ratio

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response17

Figure 4.16Normalized risetime vs. dampingratio for asecond-orderunderdampedresponse

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response18

Figure 4.17Pole plot for anunderdamped second-ordersystem

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response19

Figure 4.18Lines of constantpeak time,Tp , settlingtime,Ts , and percentovershoot, %OSNote: Ts2

< Ts1 ;

Tp2 < Tp1

; %OS1 <

%OS2

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response20

Figure 4.19Step responsesof second-orderunderdamped systemsas poles move:a. with constant real part;b. with constant imaginary part;c. with constant damping ratio

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response21

Figure 4.20Pole plot forExample 4.6

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response22

Figure 4.21Rotationalmechanical system for Example 4.7

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response23

Figure 4.22The CybermotionSR3 security roboton patrol. Therobot navigates byultrasound and pathprograms transmittedfrom a computer,eliminating the needfor guide strips onthe floor. It has videocapabilities as well astemperature, humidity,fire, intrusion, and gas

sensors.

Courtesy of Cybermotion, Inc.

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response24

Figure 4.23Component responses of a three-pole system:a. pole plot;b. componentresponses: nondominant pole is neardominant second-order pair (Case I), far from the pair (Case II), andat infinity (Case III)

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response25

Figure 4.24Step responsesof system T1(s),system T2(s), andsystem T3(s)

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response26

Figure 4.25Effect of addinga zero to a two-pole system

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response27

Figure 4.26Step responseof anonminimum-phase system

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response28

Figure 4.27Nonminimum-phaseelectrical circuit

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response29

Figure 4.28Step response of the nonminimum-phasenetwork of Figure 4.27 (c(t)) and normalized step response of anequivalent networkwithout the zero(-10co(t))

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response30

Figure 4.29a. Effect of amplifiersaturation on load angular velocityresponse;b. Simulink blockdiagram

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response31

Figure 4.30a. Effect ofdeadzone onload angulardisplacementresponse;b. Simulink blockdiagram

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response32

Figure 4.31a. Effect of backlashon load angulardisplacementresponse;b. Simulink blockdiagram

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response33

Figure 4.32Antenna azimuthposition controlsystem for angularvelocity:a. forward path;b. equivalentforward path

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response34

Figure 4.33UnmannedFree-SwimmingSubmersible(UFSS) vehicle

Courtesy of Naval Research Laboratory.

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response35

Figure 4.34Pitch control loop forthe UFSS vehicle

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response36

Figure 4.35Negative stepresponse of pitch control for UFSS vehicle

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response37

Figure 4.36A ship at sea,showing roll axis

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response38

Figure P4.1

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Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.2

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Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.3

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.4

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Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.5

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.6

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.7

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.8

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.9(figure continues)

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response47

Figure P4.9 (continued)

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response48

Figure P4.10Steps in determiningthe transfer functionrelating output physicalresponse to the inputvisual command

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response49

Figure P4.11Vacuum robot liftstwo bags of salt

Courtesy of Pacific Robotics, Inc.

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response50

Figure P4.12

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.13

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Figure P4.14

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Figure P4.15

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Figure P4.16

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Figure P4.17

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.18

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

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Figure P4.19

©2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nise/Control Systems Engineering, 3/e

Chapter 4: Time Response58

Figure P4.20Pump diagram

© 1996 ASME.

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