Transcript
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
1/18
CHAPTER 4
Construction Project Lifecycle
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
2/18
Introduction
Six basic phases contribute to developing a project from idea to
reality:
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Conceptual &Feasibility Studies
Engineering & Design
Procurement
Construction
Start-up &
Implementation
Operation &
Utilisation
TimePhases
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
3/18
Concept and Feasibility Studies
Most construction projects begin with recognition of aneed for a new facility.
Long before designers start preparing drawings, andcertainly well before field construction can commence,
considerable thought must go into broad-scale planning. Elements of this phase include conceptual analyses,
technical and economic feasibility studies, andenvironmental impact reports.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
4/18
For example, locationis fundamental to planning for a
new industrial plant. Where can the plant are located to
provide desirable, nearby employmentfor an adequate
supply of skilled, productive workers? What are the
present and projected costsand customs associatedwith the labour force?
What political or institutional factorsmay ease or
impede the development and operation of the facility?What will be the sociological and economic impactof
this plant on the community? What will be the
environmental impact?
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
5/18
Similar forethought must go into the planning for any
new project. Transportation facilities, such as highways,
bridges, airports, and rapid transit systems, not only
need forecasts of future demands, but also analyses
of how the existence or non-existence of thesestructures will actually affect social, economic, and
demographic patterns.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
6/18
Engineering and Design
Engineering and design have two main phases:
- Preliminary engineering and design
- Detailed engineering and design.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
7/18
Preliminary engineering and design
Stress architectural concepts, evaluation oftechnological process alternatives, size and capacitydecisions, and comparative economic studies.
In heavy construction, engineers are responsible for thepreliminary design, but they often need substantial input
from geologists, hydrologists, and increasingly fromecologists and other professionals in the naturalsciences.
Once preliminary engineering and design are essentiallycomplete, an extensive review process need to be done.
The review focuses mainly on seeking approvalfromhigher levels of management and from sources ofexternal financing, where required. Involves regulatorybodies that look for compliance with zoning regulations,building codes, licensing procedures, safety standards,environmental impact, etc.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
8/18
Detailed engineering and design
Process of successively breaking down, analyzing,
and designing the structureand its elementsso that
it complies with recognized standards of safety and
performance while rendering the design in the form of a
set of explicit drawings and specifications that will tell theconstructors exactly how to build the structure in the
field.
The design professional often conducts detailed field
studies to get good engineering informationonfoundation conditions, slope stability, and structural
properties of natural materials.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
9/18
Procurement
Procurement involves two major types of activities.
One is contracting and subcontracting for services of
general and specialty construction contractors.
The other is obtaining materials and equipment requiredto construct the project.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
10/18
Construction
Construction is the process whereby designers' plans
and specifications are converted into physical
structures and facilities.
It involves the organization and coordination of all the
resources for the project-labour, construction equipment,
permanent and temporary materials, supplies and
utilities, money, technology and methods, and time-to
complete the project on schedule, within the budget, andaccording to the standards of quality and performance
specified by the designer.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
11/18
The key roles at this stage are played by the contractors
and subcontractors and their employees from the
building trades.
There is also considerable input for inspection and
interpretation from the architect/engineer.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
12/18
Start-up and Implementation
Most structures and facilities of any significance involvea start-up and implementation phase.
Much testing of componentsis done while the projectis underway. Nevertheless, as the project nears
completion, it is important to be sure that all componentsfunction well together as a total system.
In some cases, this mainly involves testing, adjusting,and correcting the major electrical and mechanicalsystemsso that they perform at their optimum level.
Also involves a warranty period during which thedesigner and the contractors can be called back tocorrect problems.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
13/18
Operation and Utilization
The functional value of the project will depend upon thedecisions and implementation of the objectivesdeveloped during the preceding phases.
With a projected operational life of 20 to 25 years or
more, it is evident that the overall cost and value to theowner throughout the operating life are determinedlargely during the period from conception through start-up.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
14/18
Activities of project closure
Commisioning
Start up and trial
Main objectives of commissioning:
Prove performance prediction
To pass test and check
To search for hazard
Correction of design Personnel training
Operation and maintenance of facility.
Technical support required
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
15/18
Issuing certificates
Completion certificate has consequences,
responsibility changed to client.
Power of S.O ceased.
L. A. D also ceased.
Remedial works start
CPC given.
Activities of project closure
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
16/18
Activities of project closure
Preparing documentation
Maintenance manual
To tell the client on maintenance operation.
Record drawing
As built drawing, changes, variations, etc.
Purchased equipment records
Vendor should provide technical back up. Technical specification, test certificate, operation
manual.
Correspondence
Proper storage of legal correspondence.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
17/18
Activities of project closure
Finalising financial matters
Final certificate is issued.
Independent contractors are being paid.
Project team report
List the difficulties.
Lesson learned for future
Disposal of staff (Redeployment)
Handling personnel
Ensure staffs are motivated
Kee staff full informed.
8/10/2019 Chapter 4 - Lifecycle
18/18
End of Chapter 4
top related