Chapter 12 Immunity US Cause of Death Early 1900 – infectious micro killers Today- reduced deaths from micros –Immunization –Nutrition –Sanitation.

Chapter 12

Immunity

US Cause of Death• Early 1900 – infectious micro

killers• Today- reduced deaths from

micros–Immunization–Nutrition–Sanitation

Underdeveloped Countries

•Infectious disease problem today–Poverty

–Lack nutrition

Globally #1 Cause Death• Infectious disease

–Protozoa

–worms

–Bacterial

–viral

US Rise Infectious

• Poverty• Drugs• Alcohol• New strains viral and

bacterial

Pathogen

•Makes you sick

•Cause infections

Virus

• Non-living

• Must have host

• Reproduce/grow in host

Virus Types• AIDS

• Cold

• Flu

• Polio

• Hepatitis

• Mumps

• Chicken pox

Bacterial

• Pneumonia

• Tuberculosis

• gonorrhea

Terms

•Communicable- person to person

•Vector-animal to person

Immune System Factors• Nutrition

• Exercise sleep

• Stress

• Genetics

• Pre-exposed

Tuberculosis• “Poverty Disease”

–Poor nutrition

–Sanitation

• Affects Lungs

Rise Infectious In Industrialized• Global Travel

• Growth Cities

• Human sexuality

• Poverty increasing

• Drug use increasing

Infectious Disease Factors

• General health• Sanitation• Antibiotics• Vaccines

Antibiotics

• Kill bacteria

• Not virus

• Bacterial mutations reduce effectiveness

Body Defense• Skin-1st

• Cilia• Mucus membranes• Cough/sneeze• Platelets• White blood cells

Cold/flu

• Many strains

• Susceptible to pneumonia

• Vaccines prepare for certain yearly strain

Lyme Disease

• Bacteria in tick

• Need antibiotics

• Symptoms–Fever, skin lesions, fatigue,

neurological, ache, stiff neck

Mononucleosis

• Viral

• Spread in saliva

• Adults develop immunity

• Rest is cure

Hepatitis• Liver virus• A-E mild

– Fecal to mouth transmission

• B,C,D chronic- leads to liver cancer– Needle, saliva, air

• A,B have vaccines

Immune Defense• Antibodies-proteins fight

virus/bacteria• Lymphatic system-filter

virus/bacteria• T cells

– Helper T- identify pathogen– Killer T- attack pathogens– Suppressor T-memory cells

Vaccines• Mumps• Measles• Polio• Small pox• Hepatitis• Whooping cough

Allergies• Immune attack pollen, mold,

dust, food, chemicals, drugs• Produce antibodies

histamine–Local blood flow increases–Narrow air tubes–rash

Asthma• Genetic• Psychosomatic

–Stress–Emotions

• Bronchial dilators–Corticosteroids

Autoimmune Disease• Attack own tissue

• Unknown cause

Autoimmune Types

• Arthritis-attack bone, cartilage

• Multiple sclerosis-attack nerves

AIDS• HIV Virus• Low T cells• Lives off T cells• Blood to blood

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