Chapter 12 Immunity
Jan 18, 2016
Chapter 12
Immunity
US Cause of Death• Early 1900 – infectious micro
killers• Today- reduced deaths from
micros–Immunization–Nutrition–Sanitation
Underdeveloped Countries
•Infectious disease problem today–Poverty
–Lack nutrition
Globally #1 Cause Death• Infectious disease
–Protozoa
–worms
–Bacterial
–viral
US Rise Infectious
• Poverty• Drugs• Alcohol• New strains viral and
bacterial
Pathogen
•Makes you sick
•Cause infections
Virus
• Non-living
• Must have host
• Reproduce/grow in host
Virus Types• AIDS
• Cold
• Flu
• Polio
• Hepatitis
• Mumps
• Chicken pox
Bacterial
• Pneumonia
• Tuberculosis
• gonorrhea
Terms
•Communicable- person to person
•Vector-animal to person
Immune System Factors• Nutrition
• Exercise sleep
• Stress
• Genetics
• Pre-exposed
Tuberculosis• “Poverty Disease”
–Poor nutrition
–Sanitation
• Affects Lungs
Rise Infectious In Industrialized• Global Travel
• Growth Cities
• Human sexuality
• Poverty increasing
• Drug use increasing
Infectious Disease Factors
• General health• Sanitation• Antibiotics• Vaccines
Antibiotics
• Kill bacteria
• Not virus
• Bacterial mutations reduce effectiveness
Body Defense• Skin-1st
• Cilia• Mucus membranes• Cough/sneeze• Platelets• White blood cells
Cold/flu
• Many strains
• Susceptible to pneumonia
• Vaccines prepare for certain yearly strain
Lyme Disease
• Bacteria in tick
• Need antibiotics
• Symptoms–Fever, skin lesions, fatigue,
neurological, ache, stiff neck
Mononucleosis
• Viral
• Spread in saliva
• Adults develop immunity
• Rest is cure
Hepatitis• Liver virus• A-E mild
– Fecal to mouth transmission
• B,C,D chronic- leads to liver cancer– Needle, saliva, air
• A,B have vaccines
Immune Defense• Antibodies-proteins fight
virus/bacteria• Lymphatic system-filter
virus/bacteria• T cells
– Helper T- identify pathogen– Killer T- attack pathogens– Suppressor T-memory cells
Vaccines• Mumps• Measles• Polio• Small pox• Hepatitis• Whooping cough
Allergies• Immune attack pollen, mold,
dust, food, chemicals, drugs• Produce antibodies
histamine–Local blood flow increases–Narrow air tubes–rash
Asthma• Genetic• Psychosomatic
–Stress–Emotions
• Bronchial dilators–Corticosteroids
Autoimmune Disease• Attack own tissue
• Unknown cause
Autoimmune Types
• Arthritis-attack bone, cartilage
• Multiple sclerosis-attack nerves
AIDS• HIV Virus• Low T cells• Lives off T cells• Blood to blood
transmission