Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry Milbank High School.
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Chapter 1Introduction to
Chemistry
Milbank High School
Section 1.1Chemistry
• OBJECTIVES:– Define chemistry and
differentiate among its traditional divisions.
Section 1.1Chemistry
• OBJECTIVES:– List several reasons to study
chemistry.
What is Chemistry?• The study of “matter”, its
composition, properties, and the changes it undergoes. Everyday life?
• Applied Chemistry- is using chemistry to attain certain goals, in fields like medicine, agriculture, and manufacturing
• Pure chemistry- gathers knowledge for the sake of knowledge
5 Major Areas of Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry- concerned with the composition of substances.
• Inorganic Chemistry- primarily deals with substances without carbon
• Organic Chemistry- essentially all substances containing carbon
• Biochemistry- Chemistry of living things• Physical Chemistry- describes the
behavior of chemicals (ex. stretching)
Chemistry is
• central to modern science, and to almost all human endeavors.
• important to all sciences - biology, geology, physics, engineers, etc.
• a natural science.• a language with its own
vocabulary.• a way of thinking.
Why Study Chemistry?
• everyone and everything around us involves chemistry
• What in the world isn’t Chemistry?• helps you make choices• possible career for your future• used to attain a specific goal• Do you remember “pure” and
“applied” chemistry?
Section 1.2Chemistry Far and Wide
• OBJECTIVES:– Summarize ways in which
chemistry affects your daily life.
Section 1.2Chemistry Far and Wide
• OBJECTIVES:– Describe the impact of
chemistry on various fields of science.
Chemistry Far and Wide
• Materials- perfume, steel, ceramics, plastics, rubber, paints, nonstick cooking utensils, polyester fibers
• Energy- greater demands– conserve it, or produce more
– fossil fuels, solar, batteries, nuclear (don’t forget pollution!)
Chemistry Far and Wide
• Medicine and Biotechnology-– vitamin C, penicillin, aspirin
– materials for artery transplants and hipbones
– Human Genome Project
– bacteria producing insulin
– cloning
Chemistry Far and Wide
• Agriculture- world’s food supply– plant growth hormones– ways to protect crops– disease resistant plants
• The Environment- both risks and benefits involved in discoveries– carbon dioxide, ozone, warming
Chemistry Far and Wide
• Astronomy and Space Exploration-– composition of the planets
– analyze moon rocks
– planet atmospheres
– life on other planets?
Section 1.3Thinking Like a Scientist
• OBJECTIVES:– Describe the steps involved in
the scientific method.
Section 1.3Thinking Like a Scientist
• OBJECTIVES:– Distinguish between a theory
and a scientific law.
The Scientific Method
• A logical approach to solving problems or answering questions.
• Starts with observation- noting and recording facts
• hypothesis- an educated guess as to the cause of the problem, or a proposed explanation
Scientific Method
• “controlled” experiment- designed to test the hypothesis
• only two possible answers– hypothesis is right– hypothesis is wrong
• Generates data observations from experiments.
• Modify hypothesis - repeat the cycle
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
• Cycle repeats many times.
• The hypothesis gets more and more certain.
• Becomes a theory– A thoroughly tested
model that explains why things behave a certain way.
• Theory can never be proven- due to new information
• Useful because they predict behavior
• Help us form mental pictures of processes (models)
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
• Another outcome is that certain behavior is repeated many times
• Scientific Law is developed (math?)
• Describes how things behave
• Law- tells how
• Theory- tells why
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
Law
Theory(Model)
Prediction
Experiment
Modify
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
Section 1.4How to Study Chemistry
• OBJECTIVES:– Explain why learning chemistry
requires daily effort.
Section 1.4How to Study Chemistry
• OBJECTIVES:– Describe the importance of
writing in the study of chemistry.
How to Study Chemistry
• Understanding and Applying Concepts– requires effort on your part– read materials carefully– take thorough notes you can use– study often and effectively– quiet, well-lit, remove distractions
How to Study Chemistry
• Understanding and Applying Concepts– chemistry has a language of it’s
own, so learn the vocabulary
– look around you, and make the connection to the level of atoms and molecules
How to Study Chemistry
• Using Your Textbook– name chemical compounds
– write chemical formulas
– interpret graphs
– techniques to solve problems
• Use your Teacher and Textbook!
How to Study Chemistry
• Using Your Textbook– take good notes
– solve Practice Problems
– read, keeping objectives in mind
– Student Study Guide (p. 24)
– section summaries; Key Terms
How to Study Chemistry
• On Your Own– go beyond the textbook
– make flashcards
– reread and rewrite notes
– quiz yourself and classmates
– form a study group
– ASK, ASK, and ASK
How to Study Chemistry
• Tests and Quizzes– cramming never a good idea
– set aside a certain amount of time every day
– get enough rest daily; nutrition
– read tests carefully / thoroughly
– do easy problems first
– show work, and evaluate answer
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