Transcript
Chapter 7 The Global Struggle for Empire c. 1700-1763
Global Powers and Economy
Most people were farmersManufacturing on the rise
Cottage Industry
Global commerce created many new wealthy families
Bourgeoisie and landed aristocracy merged
Dutch shipping and banking strong until 1800s
France dominated trade in Europe
Profitable colonies in India and the Americas
After the Death of Louis XIV• Councils
reestablished for decision making• Parlements
(courts) able to evaluate royal decrees
French King
Louis XVr. 1715-1774
“I shall not tolerate in my kingdom the formation of an
association which would … degenerate into a confederation
for resistance”
Faced challenges to absolutist rule
The Rise of England
Gained some French land from the Peace of Utrecht
English Exports Increase
Eighteenth Century London is the west’s largest and richest city
1707 Acts of Union united English and Scottish crowns
England
Scotland
Ireland (1801)
United Kingdom of Great Britain
British ParliamentHouse of Lords House of
Commons (rich)
Much greater power than French Parlements
Power from Stuart to HanoverKing George Ir. 1714-1727German Protestant relative of the Stuarts
Threats of War
1800s British Dominance of India
White=Nations the British have not invadedAll but 22 countries
Transatlantic Slave Trade
Triangular Trade
Middle Passage
1. European goods traded fro slaves
2. Africans to the Americas as slaves
3. American goods and materials to Europe
1700-18001700-18006,000,000+ Africans6,000,000+ Africans
Transported Across the Transported Across the AtlanticAtlantic
(as many as 15 mil total 1500s-1800s)(as many as 15 mil total 1500s-1800s)
PlantationSugar, Tobacco, Cotton, etc.
Economic prosperity from slave labor (four fifths of all commodities)
1807 British 1807 British Parliament Parliament
Outlawed The Outlawed The Slave TradeSlave Trade
1720 The Bubbles BrokeFranceMississippi Bubble• Causes?• Solution?• Lasting Effects?• Cardinal Flueury and Robert Walpole
EnglandSouth Sea Bubble
1740-1748War of Austrian Succession
Most Major European Powers Involved
1740 Austrian and HRE Charles VI
diedPragmatic Sanction
Queen Maria Theresa (1717-1780)
Charles VI’s daughter
1740 Frederick II
invaded Austria not recognizing
the new female heir
France joined with Prussia
Why?Louis XV
England joined with Austria
Why?King George II
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Prussia took Austrian Silesia
Conflict Continues with Seven Years’ War
Seven Years’ War 1756-1763France, Austria, Spain, and Russia
vs.Great Britain and Prussia
1756 Diplomatic Revolution
The First World War?
Battles In Europe,
India, and North
America
“In the end God will have pity on us and crush this monster.”Austrian Empress Maria Theresa,
speaking of Frederick II, 1757
1763 Truce: Prussia kept Silesia and established itself as a major power
IndiaIndiaBritish
vs.French
Britain won in 1763
North America“French & Indian War”
(1754-1763)British vs. French for dominance of
the Americas
French King Louis XV
(1710-1774)
English King George III(1738-1820)
Vs.Vs.
Many natives sided with France to stop British expansion
Battles mainly near and in Canada
Colonel George
Washington(1732-1799)
French General
Montcalm won early victories,
but killed in battle in
1759
1759 Quebec taken by the British
Under the leadership of William Pitt the British won
with their superior navy
1763 Treaty of Paris
How to pay for the costs of the war?
Tax the American Colonies
?
The ColoniesEntrepreneurs
(Cheap Land)Indentured
Servants (7 Years)
ConvictsSlaves
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