Transcript
Mongolian Empire
Mongols
• Nomadic tribes that lived north of China• Needed land for their large herds of horses• Lived in yurts• Turn to page 68
yurt
Two things made the tribes combine and become a great empire
1. The climate cooled and resulted in less food for their horses
2. Birth of Chinggis Khan
Chinggis Khan
Chinggis Khan
• Became the supreme ruler over all of the Mongol tribes
• Chinggis Khan means “great ruler”
Chinggis Khan
How did he unify the Mongols?
1. Divided the people into groups and chose trusted followers to lead these groups
2. Wrote a law code called the Great Yasa3. Trained military
• Used the Mongols horsemanship skills to build a well-trained army
• Also trained archers• They were ruthless and deadly
How did they attack towns?
1. Siege warfare – The Mongols fired arrows into city for weeks and
cut off all the food going into the city
2. Pretend retreat– The Mongols would pretend to be defeated and
appear to leave their camp. When the townsmen came out to plunder the camp, the Mongols would attack
Seige
Kublai Khan
• One of Chinggis’s grandsons• He became ruler over all China and began the
Yuan Dynasty• This was the first foreign dynasty in China
Kublai Khan
Kublain Khan tries to take Japan
• Kublai Khan tries to take Japan twice1. He sent 30,000 men to invade, but a storm
destroyed the fleet and Japanese pushed back the ones that did land
2. He then sent 140,000 men to invade, but there was another storm. Japan gave credit to a kamikaze (divine wind) for protecting Japan
Mongols vs. Samarais
Batu Khan
• Another grandson of Chinggis Khan• Led Mongol troops and defeated Russia,
Hungary and Poland• His empire is known as the Golden Horde
Batu Khan
Buta Khan Empire
Battle of Liegnitz
• During reign of Batu Kahn• Against the Poles, Czechs and Germans• Mongols won
Battle of Liegnitz
Religion in Mongol Empire
• Polytheism – believed that good and evil spirits controlled the world
• Believed in a supreme being, Tengri (the great god of heaven) who ruled the spirits
shamans
• Believed certain men had power over the spirits
• Christianity spread as far as China• For a time the Mongols practiced religious
tolerance, but it was short lived.
Islam
• Islam spread throughout the Mongol empire and became dominant
• Christians and Jews were persecuted• Read page 72
Trade in Mongol Empire
• Mongols did not manufacture beyond what they needed (felt, harnesses, carts)
• As the empire grew, trade also grew• Mongols gave up their nomadic ways and
settled in towns. Their zeal for conquest faded• It didn’t last and the Mongols closed down
trade with the East.
Mongol end in China
• Mongols began fighting with one another again.
• The Chinese were able to get rid of the Mongols
• The Ming Dynasty was established
Tamerlane
• Timur had an injured leg and was lame…so he was called Timer the Lane or Tamerlane
• His empire reached from Turkey to India• More concerned with getting treasures rather
than building a well-ruled empire• It collapsed shortly after his death
Tamerlane
Tamerlane’s tomb
Mughal Dynasty
• The last Mongol empire• Akbar was one of the rulers of this dynasty• His empire extended over most of India• They were peaceful• Taj Mahal was built during this Dynasty
Akbar
Mungal Dynasty
Taj Mahal
Mongolia today
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