Central and Eastern European Refining and …...2010/10/12 · Central and Eastern European Refining and Petrochemicals 13th Annual Meeting Budapest, Hungary 12th October 2010 Non-profit
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Dr. Mirabella WalterLyondellBasell Industries
Central and Eastern EuropeanRefining and Petrochemicals
13th Annual Meeting
Budapest, Hungary12th October 2010
Non-profit Technical Organisation
Founded in 1985
~ 2/3~ 2/3rdrd of Total EU Etherification Capacityof Total EU Etherification Capacity
. .
EEuropean uropean FFuel uel OOxygenates xygenates AAssociation ssociation
Overall EU GHGs Emission Reduction TargetsClimate and Energy Package2020 = 20% (if EU Unilaterally)2020 = 30% (if Global Agreement)
Biofuels & Bioliquids’ GHGs LC Emission Saving ThresholdsDirective 2009/28/EC “Renewable Energy”2011 ≥ 35 %2017 ≥ 50 %2018 ≥ 60 % (Plants ≥ 1/2/2017)
Fuels GHGs Emission Reduction Targets (per unit of energy)
Directive 2009/30/EC “Fuel Quality”2020 = 10 % (Indicative)2020 ≥ 6 % (Mandatory)
COCO22: High Profile in the : High Profile in the EUEU
GHGsGHGs Emissions Reduction & Refining:Emissions Reduction & Refining:-- 6% a big Challenge !6% a big Challenge !
100%
CrudeProduction
FuelRefining
DistributionRetail
EngineCombustion
1%4% 85%10%
15% 85%Oil Ind. Automotive Ind.
- 6%
Only Only Few OptionsFew Options Available to Refiners:Available to Refiners:BioBio--fuels keyfuels key !!
Operations Energy Efficiency
Carbon Capturing and Storage
Bio-Fuels
BioBio--componentcomponent to Addressto Address≠≠ SustainabilitySustainability ObjectivesObjectives
Bearable
Equitable
Viable
ECONOMICCapital Efficiency
Growth EnhancementInnovation
Margin ImprovementRisk Management
Shareholders Return
ENVIRONMENTALClean Air, Water & LandEmissions Reductions
No Waste, Releases & SpillsBiodiversity
SOCIALCommunity Outreach
DiversityHuman Rights
Indigenous CommunitiesLabour Relations
Business EthicsJob Creation
Local Economic ImpactsSecurity
Skills EnhancementSocial Investments
Life-Cycle ManagementProduct StewardshipProducts to ServicesResource Efficiency
Access to Potable WaterCrisis Management
Environmental JusticeEnvironmental Regulations
Global Climate ChangeSafety & Health
Bio-Mass
Bio-OilBio-Ethanol
Bio-Esters Bio-HCs
GasoilPetrol
Bio-Ethers
ORIGIN
PRIMARY
DERIVED
FUEL
BioBio--Ether (Ether (ETBEETBE) is for ) is for PetrolPetrolwhat Biowhat Bio--Ester (Ester (FAMEFAME) is for ) is for GasoilGasoil
BioBio--Petrol Supply Chain:Petrol Supply Chain:EthersEthers in in CentralCentral PositionPosition
FeedstockGrowing
BIOMASS
EthanolFermentation
PRIMARYBIOCOMPONENT
EtherSynthesis
DERIVATIVEBIOCOMPONENT
PetrolFormulation
FUEL
EnginePowering
VEHICLE
“UP-STREAM” “DOWN-STREAM”
BioBio--EthersEthers’’ ““UpUp--streamstream””::Embedding Ethanol Embedding Ethanol ““GoodnessGoodness””
ETBEEthanol
Sustainable, Certified, Audited, ..1st Generation, 2nd Gen., 3rd Gen...
Cellulosic, from Waste, …..
BioBio--EthersEthers’’ ““DownDown--streamstream””::Enabling Lesser COEnabling Lesser CO22--Intensive Petrol FormulationIntensive Petrol Formulation
ETBE High OctaneLow Volatility Petrol
BioBio--Ethers ReduceEthers ReduceRefinery OperationsRefinery Operations’’ COCO22 EmissionsEmissions
< Carbon Content
< Aromatics
< Refinery Fuel
Key Blending PropertiesKey Blending Properties Affecting Fuel Formulation Affecting Fuel Formulation
Vapour pressure
Distillation characteristics
Octane performance
< Blending Volatility< VOCs Emissions> Octane Barrel Delivery> CO2 Emissions Reduction> Crude-oil Replacement
No Commingling> Water Tolerance
No Azeotrope< Logistic Complexity> Blend-stocks Value
Butane Uptake/Upgrade> Refining Flexibility> Material Compatibility
ETBE: ETBE: FurtherFurther Enhancing ETOHEnhancing ETOH PPerformanceserformances
Ethanol/ETBE/Petrol Ethanol/ETBE/Petrol Blending PerformancesBlending Performances““NormalizedNormalized”” ComparisonComparison
ETBE Helping Ethanol on VolatilityETBE Helping Ethanol on Volatility
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
% of ETOH-equivalent in Petrol
Pet
rol R
VP
(kP
a)Direct Ethanol Blending
Ethanol as ETBE
10% Total ETOH-equivalentby a Mix of ETOH and ETBEStraight ETOH portion on “X Axis”Rest of ETOH-equivalent to 10% as ETBE
ButaneButane Uptake/Upgrade ValueUptake/Upgrade Value
222
6028
0
50
100
150
200
Blen
ding
RVP
(kP
a)at
5%
v/v
Con
cent
ratio
n
ETOH @ 5%v/v Petrol ETBE
Buta
ne B
lend
ing
Opp
ortu
nity
Buta
ne B
lend
ing
Opp
ortu
nity
CREDITCREDIT
DEBITDEBIT
ETBE Further Addresses ETBE Further Addresses GHGGHG’’ssby Greatlyby Greatly Reducing Reducing VOCsVOCs EmissionsEmissions
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
Tota
l VO
C E
mis
sion
s R
educ
tion
(KT/
Y)
ETOH vs. BLETBE vs. BL
Source: Emissions and Health Unit - Institute of Environment and Sustainability - EC-JRC Ispra“An assessment of the impact of ethanol-blended petrol on the total NMVOC emissions from road transport in selected countries”
EU-5, ΔVOC(ETBE-ETOH) = 26593 T/Y
25.T
Source: CONCAWE’s “RUFIT” report N° 6/78 (Dec. 1978)
Refinery Octane Refinery Octane ProductionProduction::Energy &Energy & COCO22 IntensiveIntensive
ETBE Delivers ETBE Delivers Superior MONSuperior MON Contribution:Contribution:Most EU Refineries Most EU Refineries ““MONMON--LimitedLimited””
6065707580859095
100105110
bMON
Petrol EuroGradeETBEETOH
MO
N=
%v/
vE
quiv
. 2,2
,4-tr
imet
hylp
enta
ne in
i-C
8/n-
C7
0
50
100
150
200
250
Petrol EuroGradeETOHETBE
ETBE Delivers ETBE Delivers > > TTwice wice ““Octane BarrelOctane Barrel””@ same Ethanol@ same Ethanol--equivalentequivalent
Oct
ane
“Bar
rell”
= (M
ON
+RO
N)/2
“Vol
ume”
@ s
ame
ETO
H-E
quiv
alen
t
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
EU 95 Toluene ETBE Ethanol
(RO
N -
MO
N)
ETBE Helping RefinersETBE Helping Refinersvs. vs. Octane Sensitivity BalanceOctane Sensitivity Balance
Octa
ne N
umbe
rs=
%v/v
Equiv
. 2,2,
4-trim
ethylp
entan
e in i
-C8/n
-C7
ETBEETBE Reduces COReduces CO22 EmissionsEmissionsHART July 2007 CE-Delft October 2007 IFEU August 2008
“Best results by far are obtained when ethanol is converted to bio-
ETBE.The use of ETBE can allow the saving of 4 times the primary energy required to produce its
fossil alternative.IFEU recommends to exploit the
whole potential of bio-ETBE”
“The use of bio-ETBE reduces refining crude-oil need and
processing intensity, requires less fuel and, implying relevant petrol composition changes, allows the reduction of carbon factor and
lesser CO2 emissions”
“This study indicated that, when bio-ETBE is used, the resulting
modification of refinery operations determine a significant reduction of greenhouse gases emissions”
ETBE COETBE CO22 PerformancePerformance Studies:Studies: ReferencesReferences
Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether - A Review of the Technical LiteratureSAEJune 2009http://papers.sae.org/2009-01-1951The impact of ethanol and ETBE blending on refinery operationsand GHG-emissionsELSEVIER - Energy Policy2009http://www.ce.nl/art/uploads/file/Artikelen%20(medewerkers)/EnergyPolicy_TheImpactofEthanolandETBEblending_HCBKa.pdf?PHPSESSID=4d91cd6d759b670b5c0f4d0c98735687
ETBE and Ethanol: A Comparison of CO2 SavingsCE-DelftOctober 2007http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/etbe_and_ethanol%3A_a_comparison_of_co2_savings/715?PHPSESSID=37ad2bd9915bcf5711aed6292578b595
Bioenergy from grain and sugar beet: Energy and greenhouse gas balancesIFEU - Institute for Energy and Environmental Research HeidelbergAugust 2008http://papers.sae.org/2009-01-1951
Study on Relative CO2 Savings Comparing Ethanol and ETBE as a Gasoline ComponentHart Energy ConsultingJuly 2007
GHGsGHGs Emissions Calculation Emissions Calculation Formula:Formula:A Deeper LookA Deeper Look
E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr – eee
E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr – eee
+ consumed “upstream”ep = process energy
– saved “downstream”
BioBio--Ethers allow Energy Processing SavingEthers allow Energy Processing Savingduring Refinery Fuel Formulation !during Refinery Fuel Formulation !
Emissions from Emissions from ProcessingProcessing
E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr – eee
Converting ETOH intoConverting ETOH into EthanolEthanol--EthersEthersAvoids Avoids VehicleVehicle Permeation EmissionsPermeation Emissions
& & SecondarySecondary COCO22 FormationFormation
Emissions from the Emissions from the Fuel in UseFuel in Use
ExhaustExhaust
Fugitive/PermeationFugitive/Permeation
ETBE: The MTBE ETBE: The MTBE ““SubstitutionSubstitution”” EffectEffect
LUC = Land Use Change
E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr – eee
Emissions from Emissions from …… land land use changeuse change
PUC = Plant Use Change
GOOD BAD
ARID LANDS ENERGY CROPS RAINFOREST
FOSSIL-ORIGIN MTBE BIO-ORIGIN ETBE
GOOD
ConclusionConclusionEthanol-Ethers, via their Multiple Valuable Technical and Environmental Features, Contribute to Enhance Fuel-ETOH Sustainability Pathway, including very Relevant CO2 Emissions Reduction Improvement
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