Dr. Mirabella Walter LyondellBasell Industries Central and Eastern European Refining and Petrochemicals 13th Annual Meeting Budapest, Hungary 12 th October 2010
Dr. Mirabella WalterLyondellBasell Industries
Central and Eastern EuropeanRefining and Petrochemicals
13th Annual Meeting
Budapest, Hungary12th October 2010
Non-profit Technical Organisation
Founded in 1985
~ 2/3~ 2/3rdrd of Total EU Etherification Capacityof Total EU Etherification Capacity
. .
EEuropean uropean FFuel uel OOxygenates xygenates AAssociation ssociation
Overall EU GHGs Emission Reduction TargetsClimate and Energy Package2020 = 20% (if EU Unilaterally)2020 = 30% (if Global Agreement)
Biofuels & Bioliquids’ GHGs LC Emission Saving ThresholdsDirective 2009/28/EC “Renewable Energy”2011 ≥ 35 %2017 ≥ 50 %2018 ≥ 60 % (Plants ≥ 1/2/2017)
Fuels GHGs Emission Reduction Targets (per unit of energy)
Directive 2009/30/EC “Fuel Quality”2020 = 10 % (Indicative)2020 ≥ 6 % (Mandatory)
COCO22: High Profile in the : High Profile in the EUEU
GHGsGHGs Emissions Reduction & Refining:Emissions Reduction & Refining:-- 6% a big Challenge !6% a big Challenge !
100%
CrudeProduction
FuelRefining
DistributionRetail
EngineCombustion
1%4% 85%10%
15% 85%Oil Ind. Automotive Ind.
- 6%
Only Only Few OptionsFew Options Available to Refiners:Available to Refiners:BioBio--fuels keyfuels key !!
Operations Energy Efficiency
Carbon Capturing and Storage
Bio-Fuels
BioBio--componentcomponent to Addressto Address≠≠ SustainabilitySustainability ObjectivesObjectives
Bearable
Equitable
Viable
ECONOMICCapital Efficiency
Growth EnhancementInnovation
Margin ImprovementRisk Management
Shareholders Return
ENVIRONMENTALClean Air, Water & LandEmissions Reductions
No Waste, Releases & SpillsBiodiversity
SOCIALCommunity Outreach
DiversityHuman Rights
Indigenous CommunitiesLabour Relations
Business EthicsJob Creation
Local Economic ImpactsSecurity
Skills EnhancementSocial Investments
Life-Cycle ManagementProduct StewardshipProducts to ServicesResource Efficiency
Access to Potable WaterCrisis Management
Environmental JusticeEnvironmental Regulations
Global Climate ChangeSafety & Health
Bio-Mass
Bio-OilBio-Ethanol
Bio-Esters Bio-HCs
GasoilPetrol
Bio-Ethers
ORIGIN
PRIMARY
DERIVED
FUEL
BioBio--Ether (Ether (ETBEETBE) is for ) is for PetrolPetrolwhat Biowhat Bio--Ester (Ester (FAMEFAME) is for ) is for GasoilGasoil
BioBio--Petrol Supply Chain:Petrol Supply Chain:EthersEthers in in CentralCentral PositionPosition
FeedstockGrowing
BIOMASS
EthanolFermentation
PRIMARYBIOCOMPONENT
EtherSynthesis
DERIVATIVEBIOCOMPONENT
PetrolFormulation
FUEL
EnginePowering
VEHICLE
“UP-STREAM” “DOWN-STREAM”
BioBio--EthersEthers’’ ““UpUp--streamstream””::Embedding Ethanol Embedding Ethanol ““GoodnessGoodness””
ETBEEthanol
Sustainable, Certified, Audited, ..1st Generation, 2nd Gen., 3rd Gen...
Cellulosic, from Waste, …..
BioBio--EthersEthers’’ ““DownDown--streamstream””::Enabling Lesser COEnabling Lesser CO22--Intensive Petrol FormulationIntensive Petrol Formulation
ETBE High OctaneLow Volatility Petrol
BioBio--Ethers ReduceEthers ReduceRefinery OperationsRefinery Operations’’ COCO22 EmissionsEmissions
< Carbon Content
< Aromatics
< Refinery Fuel
Key Blending PropertiesKey Blending Properties Affecting Fuel Formulation Affecting Fuel Formulation
Vapour pressure
Distillation characteristics
Octane performance
< Blending Volatility< VOCs Emissions> Octane Barrel Delivery> CO2 Emissions Reduction> Crude-oil Replacement
No Commingling> Water Tolerance
No Azeotrope< Logistic Complexity> Blend-stocks Value
Butane Uptake/Upgrade> Refining Flexibility> Material Compatibility
ETBE: ETBE: FurtherFurther Enhancing ETOHEnhancing ETOH PPerformanceserformances
Ethanol/ETBE/Petrol Ethanol/ETBE/Petrol Blending PerformancesBlending Performances““NormalizedNormalized”” ComparisonComparison
ETBE Helping Ethanol on VolatilityETBE Helping Ethanol on Volatility
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
% of ETOH-equivalent in Petrol
Pet
rol R
VP
(kP
a)Direct Ethanol Blending
Ethanol as ETBE
10% Total ETOH-equivalentby a Mix of ETOH and ETBEStraight ETOH portion on “X Axis”Rest of ETOH-equivalent to 10% as ETBE
ButaneButane Uptake/Upgrade ValueUptake/Upgrade Value
222
6028
0
50
100
150
200
Blen
ding
RVP
(kP
a)at
5%
v/v
Con
cent
ratio
n
ETOH @ 5%v/v Petrol ETBE
Buta
ne B
lend
ing
Opp
ortu
nity
Buta
ne B
lend
ing
Opp
ortu
nity
CREDITCREDIT
DEBITDEBIT
ETBE Further Addresses ETBE Further Addresses GHGGHG’’ssby Greatlyby Greatly Reducing Reducing VOCsVOCs EmissionsEmissions
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
Tota
l VO
C E
mis
sion
s R
educ
tion
(KT/
Y)
ETOH vs. BLETBE vs. BL
Source: Emissions and Health Unit - Institute of Environment and Sustainability - EC-JRC Ispra“An assessment of the impact of ethanol-blended petrol on the total NMVOC emissions from road transport in selected countries”
EU-5, ΔVOC(ETBE-ETOH) = 26593 T/Y
25.T
Source: CONCAWE’s “RUFIT” report N° 6/78 (Dec. 1978)
Refinery Octane Refinery Octane ProductionProduction::Energy &Energy & COCO22 IntensiveIntensive
ETBE Delivers ETBE Delivers Superior MONSuperior MON Contribution:Contribution:Most EU Refineries Most EU Refineries ““MONMON--LimitedLimited””
6065707580859095
100105110
bMON
Petrol EuroGradeETBEETOH
MO
N=
%v/
vE
quiv
. 2,2
,4-tr
imet
hylp
enta
ne in
i-C
8/n-
C7
0
50
100
150
200
250
Petrol EuroGradeETOHETBE
ETBE Delivers ETBE Delivers > > TTwice wice ““Octane BarrelOctane Barrel””@ same Ethanol@ same Ethanol--equivalentequivalent
Oct
ane
“Bar
rell”
= (M
ON
+RO
N)/2
“Vol
ume”
@ s
ame
ETO
H-E
quiv
alen
t
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
EU 95 Toluene ETBE Ethanol
(RO
N -
MO
N)
ETBE Helping RefinersETBE Helping Refinersvs. vs. Octane Sensitivity BalanceOctane Sensitivity Balance
Octa
ne N
umbe
rs=
%v/v
Equiv
. 2,2,
4-trim
ethylp
entan
e in i
-C8/n
-C7
ETBEETBE Reduces COReduces CO22 EmissionsEmissionsHART July 2007 CE-Delft October 2007 IFEU August 2008
“Best results by far are obtained when ethanol is converted to bio-
ETBE.The use of ETBE can allow the saving of 4 times the primary energy required to produce its
fossil alternative.IFEU recommends to exploit the
whole potential of bio-ETBE”
“The use of bio-ETBE reduces refining crude-oil need and
processing intensity, requires less fuel and, implying relevant petrol composition changes, allows the reduction of carbon factor and
lesser CO2 emissions”
“This study indicated that, when bio-ETBE is used, the resulting
modification of refinery operations determine a significant reduction of greenhouse gases emissions”
ETBE COETBE CO22 PerformancePerformance Studies:Studies: ReferencesReferences
Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether - A Review of the Technical LiteratureSAEJune 2009http://papers.sae.org/2009-01-1951The impact of ethanol and ETBE blending on refinery operationsand GHG-emissionsELSEVIER - Energy Policy2009http://www.ce.nl/art/uploads/file/Artikelen%20(medewerkers)/EnergyPolicy_TheImpactofEthanolandETBEblending_HCBKa.pdf?PHPSESSID=4d91cd6d759b670b5c0f4d0c98735687
ETBE and Ethanol: A Comparison of CO2 SavingsCE-DelftOctober 2007http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/etbe_and_ethanol%3A_a_comparison_of_co2_savings/715?PHPSESSID=37ad2bd9915bcf5711aed6292578b595
Bioenergy from grain and sugar beet: Energy and greenhouse gas balancesIFEU - Institute for Energy and Environmental Research HeidelbergAugust 2008http://papers.sae.org/2009-01-1951
Study on Relative CO2 Savings Comparing Ethanol and ETBE as a Gasoline ComponentHart Energy ConsultingJuly 2007
GHGsGHGs Emissions Calculation Emissions Calculation Formula:Formula:A Deeper LookA Deeper Look
E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr – eee
E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr – eee
+ consumed “upstream”ep = process energy
– saved “downstream”
BioBio--Ethers allow Energy Processing SavingEthers allow Energy Processing Savingduring Refinery Fuel Formulation !during Refinery Fuel Formulation !
Emissions from Emissions from ProcessingProcessing
E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr – eee
Converting ETOH intoConverting ETOH into EthanolEthanol--EthersEthersAvoids Avoids VehicleVehicle Permeation EmissionsPermeation Emissions
& & SecondarySecondary COCO22 FormationFormation
Emissions from the Emissions from the Fuel in UseFuel in Use
ExhaustExhaust
Fugitive/PermeationFugitive/Permeation
ETBE: The MTBE ETBE: The MTBE ““SubstitutionSubstitution”” EffectEffect
LUC = Land Use Change
E = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr – eee
Emissions from Emissions from …… land land use changeuse change
PUC = Plant Use Change
GOOD BAD
ARID LANDS ENERGY CROPS RAINFOREST
FOSSIL-ORIGIN MTBE BIO-ORIGIN ETBE
GOOD
ConclusionConclusionEthanol-Ethers, via their Multiple Valuable Technical and Environmental Features, Contribute to Enhance Fuel-ETOH Sustainability Pathway, including very Relevant CO2 Emissions Reduction Improvement