Causes of World War II
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Causes of World War II
Chapter 26.0
1. Axis Ambition
•Germany•Italy•Japan
Germ
any
Japa
n
Italy
Axis Powers
2. Allied Appeasement
•Concessions for peace•Failure to act•Axis emboldened
EnglandFrance
3. Racism
• Social Darwinism• Natural Rights• Aryans
(Germanic)• Slavs = lesser• Jews = non-
human
4. Fascism and Nazism
• Fascism = extreme nationalism• Nazism = extreme
fascism• Radical theories• Why were they
embraced?
• “The Aryan race is tall, long legged, slim. The race is narrow-faced, with a narrow forehead, a narrow high built nose and a lower jaw and prominent chin, the skin is rosy bright and the blood shines through .... the hair is smooth, straight or wavy - possibly curly in childhood. The color is blond.”
The Clouds of War
Chapter 26.1
Treaty of Versailles
• Intention•Provisions•Effect = •German anger
Europe – Post WWI• Depression
effects• Unrest• Failure of
democracy• Public response • Opportunism
Opportunist #1 – Josef Stalin• After Lenin• Reform• Success?• Totalitarianism• Terror• Example:
Ukraine• Goal
Opportunist #2 – Benito Mussolini • Fascist Party• Blackshirts•March on Rome• Totalitarianism• “Believe, Fight,
Obey”• Goal
Opportunist #3 – Hideki Tojo• Depression• 1930s Military• Behind the
Scenes• Totalitarianism•Western Hatred• Goal
Opportunist #4 – Adolf Hitler
National Socialism
Beer Hall Putsch
Mein Kampf
Jewish Blame
Democratically Elected
Brownshirts
Public Appeal
A Nation Mesmerized
Totalitarianism
Early Aggression
• Threats = Allies AND Enemies
• German militarization
• Manchuria (1931)• Ethiopia (1935)• Rhineland (1936)• Spain (1936)• China (1937)
Query
•Knowing the goals of Hitler and Mussolini, where will they go?•Why?
Fascists on the March• Austria (Anschluss) -
1938• Munich Pact (1938)• Sudetenland (1938)• Czechoslovakia
(1939)• Albania (1939)• Pact of Steel• First Vienna Award• Hungary
Early American Reactions
• FDR opinion• Public opinion• Congress• Amendment?•Neutrality Acts• Cash and Carry
War!• Molotov –
Ribbentrop Pact• Secret Addendum• Poland (9/1/39)• Britain + France• World War II has
begun!• Poland (9/17/39)• Romania + Finland
POLAND
Germany U.S.S.R.
Darkness FallsChapter 26.2
Blitzkrieg
• Lightning War• Bomb• Shell• Obliterate• Terrorize• Occupy• EFFECTIVE!
Sitzkrieg
• Sit Down War
• “Phony War”
•Maginot Line
•Weakness
Query
•War has begun. Where does Hitler go next?•Why?
Europe Falls - 1940 • Denmark, Norway
(April)• Low Countries
(May)• Ardennes• France (May)• Paris falls (June)• France split• Vichy
Allied RetreatOperation Dynamo Free FranceBritain = AloneWinston Churchill“I have nothing to
offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat”
England prepares…
Battle of Britain• Island
Invincibility•Operation
Sea Lion • The Blitz•Resolve
Britain Stands• Advantages:• 1. Enigma/Ultra• 2. Radar• 3. Aircraft • “Never in the field
of conflict was so much owed by so many to so few”
Query
•Where will Hitler go next?•Why?
Europe Falls – The Balkans
•Greece•“Ohi”•Yugoslavia•Bulgaria
Europe Falls - Russia• Operation
Barbarossa• Surprise• Burn and Destroy•Moscow• Leningrad,
Stalingrad
Towards War1. Arms
2. Draft
3. 3rd Party Sales
4. Destroyer Deal
5. Lend-Lease
6. Atlantic Charter
Japanese AggressionChapter 26.3
Review
1. What were Japan’s ambitions at the outset of WWII?
2. What territories did they want?• Greater East Asia
Co-Prosperity Sphere• Problem
Japanese Aggression• Korea (1910)• Manchuria (1931) • = Manchukuo• China (1937)• Rape of Nanjing• Indochina (1940)• Embargo• Catalyst
Peace With America?• Emperor
Hirohito• Tojo lies•Peace talks•Code breakers•Warning
Pearl Harbor• December 7,
1941 (8:00 AM)• Weaknesses• Advantage• Attack!• Attack!• “You have
awoken a sleeping giant.”
Declaration of War• “Day of Infamy”• FDR Speech to Con
gress• Public Opinion• December 8th
• Reciprocation• WE ARE IN WWII!
Warm Up:
• Explain the rise of each dictator in WWII Europe
Review –Early European Aggression
• Rhineland 1936• Austria
(Anschluss) 1938• Sudetenland 1938• Czechoslovakia
1939• Albania 1939• Poland 1939
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