Causes of World War II

Causes of World War II

Chapter 26.0

1. Axis Ambition

•Germany•Italy•Japan

Germ

any

Japa

n

Italy

Axis Powers

2. Allied Appeasement

•Concessions for peace•Failure to act•Axis emboldened

EnglandFrance

3. Racism

• Social Darwinism• Natural Rights• Aryans

(Germanic)• Slavs = lesser• Jews = non-

human

4. Fascism and Nazism

• Fascism = extreme nationalism• Nazism = extreme

fascism• Radical theories• Why were they

embraced?

• “The Aryan race is tall, long legged, slim. The race is narrow-faced, with a narrow forehead, a narrow high built nose and a lower jaw and prominent chin, the skin is rosy bright and the blood shines through .... the hair is smooth, straight or wavy - possibly curly in childhood. The color is blond.”

The Clouds of War

Chapter 26.1

Treaty of Versailles

• Intention•Provisions•Effect = •German anger

Europe – Post WWI• Depression

effects• Unrest• Failure of

democracy• Public response • Opportunism

Opportunist #1 – Josef Stalin• After Lenin• Reform• Success?• Totalitarianism• Terror• Example:

Ukraine• Goal

Opportunist #2 – Benito Mussolini • Fascist Party• Blackshirts•March on Rome• Totalitarianism• “Believe, Fight,

Obey”• Goal

Opportunist #3 – Hideki Tojo• Depression• 1930s Military• Behind the

Scenes• Totalitarianism•Western Hatred• Goal

Opportunist #4 – Adolf Hitler

National Socialism

Beer Hall Putsch

Mein Kampf

Jewish Blame

Jewish Blame

Democratically Elected

Brownshirts

Public Appeal

A Nation Mesmerized

Totalitarianism

Early Aggression

• Threats = Allies AND Enemies

• German militarization

• Manchuria (1931)• Ethiopia (1935)• Rhineland (1936)• Spain (1936)• China (1937)

Query

•Knowing the goals of Hitler and Mussolini, where will they go?•Why?

Fascists on the March• Austria (Anschluss) -

1938• Munich Pact (1938)• Sudetenland (1938)• Czechoslovakia

(1939)• Albania (1939)• Pact of Steel• First Vienna Award• Hungary

Early American Reactions

• FDR opinion• Public opinion• Congress• Amendment?•Neutrality Acts• Cash and Carry

War!• Molotov –

Ribbentrop Pact• Secret Addendum• Poland (9/1/39)• Britain + France• World War II has

begun!• Poland (9/17/39)• Romania + Finland

POLAND

Germany U.S.S.R.

Darkness FallsChapter 26.2

Blitzkrieg

• Lightning War• Bomb• Shell• Obliterate• Terrorize• Occupy• EFFECTIVE!

Sitzkrieg

• Sit Down War

• “Phony War”

•Maginot Line

•Weakness

Query

•War has begun. Where does Hitler go next?•Why?

Europe Falls - 1940 • Denmark, Norway

(April)• Low Countries

(May)• Ardennes• France (May)• Paris falls (June)• France split• Vichy

Allied RetreatOperation Dynamo Free FranceBritain = AloneWinston Churchill“I have nothing to

offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat”

England prepares…

Battle of Britain• Island

Invincibility•Operation

Sea Lion • The Blitz•Resolve

Britain Stands• Advantages:• 1. Enigma/Ultra• 2. Radar• 3. Aircraft • “Never in the field

of conflict was so much owed by so many to so few”

Query

•Where will Hitler go next?•Why?

Europe Falls – The Balkans

•Greece•“Ohi”•Yugoslavia•Bulgaria

Europe Falls - Russia• Operation

Barbarossa• Surprise• Burn and Destroy•Moscow• Leningrad,

Stalingrad

Towards War1. Arms

2. Draft

3. 3rd Party Sales

4. Destroyer Deal

5. Lend-Lease

6. Atlantic Charter

Japanese AggressionChapter 26.3

Review

1. What were Japan’s ambitions at the outset of WWII?

2. What territories did they want?• Greater East Asia

Co-Prosperity Sphere• Problem

Japanese Aggression• Korea (1910)• Manchuria (1931) • = Manchukuo• China (1937)• Rape of Nanjing• Indochina (1940)• Embargo• Catalyst

Peace With America?• Emperor

Hirohito• Tojo lies•Peace talks•Code breakers•Warning

Pearl Harbor• December 7,

1941 (8:00 AM)• Weaknesses• Advantage• Attack!• Attack!• “You have

awoken a sleeping giant.”

Declaration of War• “Day of Infamy”• FDR Speech to Con

gress• Public Opinion• December 8th

• Reciprocation• WE ARE IN WWII!

Warm Up:

• Explain the rise of each dictator in WWII Europe

Review –Early European Aggression

• Rhineland 1936• Austria

(Anschluss) 1938• Sudetenland 1938• Czechoslovakia

1939• Albania 1939• Poland 1939