Blood dopping, defination, methods, detection, pros/cons.

Hiba Nasir

1248129

Endocrinology Presentation

BLOOD DOPING

Have you ever heard???

Doping?

• Adding impurities to something.

• Blood Doping

Blood Doping

• Increased red blood cells

• RBCs carry O2

• Higher RBC higher aerobic capacity

• Aerobic capacity (VO2 max)

Increment in hemoglobin mass

METHODS

Blood Transfusion

• 1-4 units

• centrifuged

• plasma components reinfused

• (RBCs),

refrigerated at 4◦C

frozen at −80◦C

Blood Transfusion

• Due to storage, 40% RBCs

non- viable.

• Stored RBCs are then

reinfused,

• iron supplements for

autologous donations.

Blood Transfusion Types

Autologous transfusion

• Own blood

Homologous transfusion

• Someone else blood

Blood Substitutes

• Synthetic oxygen carriers

human blood unavailable

blood infection

there isn't enough time to match of blood type

• Example

HBOCs

PFCs

HBOCs

• Resistance to dissociate when dissolved in media

• greater benefits than hemoglobin

• highly effective O2 donors in terms of tissue oxygenation

PFCs

• dissolve 100 times more oxygen than plasma.

• Small size = flow in tiny capillaries.

EPO Injections

• Hormone, produced by kidney.

• Regulates production of RBCs by acting on bone marrow.

• EPO injections are given to stimulate the production of RBCs to treat patients with anemia.

Athletes using EPO to produce higher than normal amounts of red blood

cells

DETECTION

Detection for Homologous Blood Doping

• Fluorescent-activated cell sorting

• Examining markers on the surface of rbcs

• Determine whether blood from more than one person is present

Detection for Autologous Blood doping

• CO rebreathing technique

• To measure the nonphysiologicincreases in hb mass

• O2-CO gas mixture inhalation for about 10-15mins

• By measuring the difference in carboxyhemoglobin concentration (hbco) before and after rebreathing total hb mass can be calculated.

Pros Of Blood Doping

• Affects the brain of the athlete,

• Athlete’s exercise endurance level

• Improve the health of athletes

• Benefits the athlete's long exercise

• No oxygen depletion and lactic acid formation.

Cons of blood doping

• Increased viscosity of the blood

• Risk of heart diseases

• Cerebral or pulmonary embolisms

• Weakened immune system, increases the risk of autoimmune diseases.

• Blood clots

• Deterioration of the Mind

• Negative mental effects

• EPO addicting drug

THANK YOU Any questions?