Blood Composition and Function Chapter 16. The Blood Outline Where are blood cells made? What is the composition of blood? Function of different types.

Blood

Composition and Function

Chapter 16

The Blood Outline

• Where are blood cells made?

• What is the composition of blood?

• Function of different types of blood cells

• Disorders of the blood

• Blood types and Rh factor

• Pregnancy and blood types

Where is blood made and what is blood?

Bone marrow

What is blood made of?

• Water (92%)

&• Proteins

– Albumins

– Globulins

– fibrinogen

plasma

Blood cells

Hematocrit

» Females: 38-48%

» Males: 42-52%

Types of blood cells and fragments

• White Blood Cells

• Platelets are cell fragments

• -------------------------------------------------------------------• Red Blood Cells

• Leukocytes

• Thrombocytes

• Erythrocytes

I. Leukocytes

Basophils NeutrophilEosinophil Monocytes Lymphocyte Dendritic

rare 50-70% 1-3% 1-6% 20-35% ??

The histologic appearance of various leukoctyes

WBC’s “lifespan” 6-24 hours.

The phagocytic cells

• Neutrophils

• Monocytes

• Macrophages

More pictures of leukocytes

http://www.unomaha.edu/hpa/blood.html

Pathology of WBC• Leukemia=cancer of white blood cell

75% childhood leukemias

Epstein-Barr Virus

Infectious Virus affects “B-lymphocytes”

II. Platelets

Lifespan of about 10 days

Platelets are not true cells

An “inactive platelet”

“An activated platelet”

Blood Clotting

Blood Clotting

• Thromboplastin• Prothrombin• Thrombin• Fibrinogen• Fibrin• Platelets

• Injured blood vessel• Inactive form• Active form• Inactive• Active• Trapped in fibrin

The clot can also disappear…

• Plasminogen

Plasmin

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Dissolves clot

III. Erythrocytesmost numerous cell of the body!

Inside the red blood cell!

IronCARRIES O2 and CO2

Anemia:

• What is it?– Decreased ability to carry oxygen

Some Causes of Anemia

• Iron deficiency

• Hemorrhage: uncontrolled bleeding– Hemophila

• Reduced hemoglobin

• Low erythropoietin

• Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

Hemophilia

• Inherited Disease

• Blood Clotting Disorder

• Affects males more than females

Blood Types & Membrane Glycoproteins

First! You need a basic idea of “antibodies and antigens” as it

relates to blood types for this section.

The binding of antibodies to antigens leads to agglutination

or blood clotting.

Mismatched Blood Types:Basis of agglutination

Are there other glycoproteins on the surface of RBC’s?

Yes! The Rh Factor

• Rh stands for Rhesus (monkeys)

Rh factor

• A person can be Rh negative

• Or

• A person can be Rh positive

Importance of Rh factor

• Rh antigen may pose a problem with pregnancy

Why?

Rh factor and Pregnancy

Mother Child 1 Agglutination

Of child’s 1 blood

Child 2

Agglutination

Of child’s 2 blood

Rh+ Rh+ No Rh+ No

Rh- Rh- No Rh- No

Rh+ Rh- No Rh- No

Rh- Rh+ No Rh+ Yes

Ch. 7 The End

Simulated Blood Typing Lab

Anti-A

Anti-B

Anti-D

The mixing step: Blood + Antiserum

+

+

+

Drop of Blood Plastic “Dish”

Anti-A

Anti-B

Anti-D

Mix the single drop of blood with anti-serum (use a toothpick for mixing)

Examples of results:

Anti-A

Anti-B

Anti-D

Type A, Rh negative

Type A

Anti-A

Anti-B

Anti-D

Type B, Rh positive

Anti-A

Anti-B

Anti-D

Type AB, Rh negative

Anti-A

Anti-B

Anti-D

Type O, Rh positive