Blood Composition and Function Chapter 16
Jan 03, 2016
Blood
Composition and Function
Chapter 16
The Blood Outline
• Where are blood cells made?
• What is the composition of blood?
• Function of different types of blood cells
• Disorders of the blood
• Blood types and Rh factor
• Pregnancy and blood types
Where is blood made and what is blood?
Bone marrow
What is blood made of?
• Water (92%)
&• Proteins
– Albumins
– Globulins
– fibrinogen
plasma
Blood cells
Hematocrit
» Females: 38-48%
» Males: 42-52%
Types of blood cells and fragments
• White Blood Cells
• Platelets are cell fragments
• -------------------------------------------------------------------• Red Blood Cells
• Leukocytes
• Thrombocytes
• Erythrocytes
I. Leukocytes
Basophils NeutrophilEosinophil Monocytes Lymphocyte Dendritic
rare 50-70% 1-3% 1-6% 20-35% ??
The histologic appearance of various leukoctyes
WBC’s “lifespan” 6-24 hours.
The phagocytic cells
• Neutrophils
• Monocytes
• Macrophages
More pictures of leukocytes
http://www.unomaha.edu/hpa/blood.html
Pathology of WBC• Leukemia=cancer of white blood cell
75% childhood leukemias
Epstein-Barr Virus
Infectious Virus affects “B-lymphocytes”
II. Platelets
Lifespan of about 10 days
Platelets are not true cells
An “inactive platelet”
“An activated platelet”
Blood Clotting
Blood Clotting
• Thromboplastin• Prothrombin• Thrombin• Fibrinogen• Fibrin• Platelets
• Injured blood vessel• Inactive form• Active form• Inactive• Active• Trapped in fibrin
The clot can also disappear…
• Plasminogen
Plasmin
Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Dissolves clot
III. Erythrocytesmost numerous cell of the body!
Inside the red blood cell!
IronCARRIES O2 and CO2
Anemia:
• What is it?– Decreased ability to carry oxygen
Some Causes of Anemia
• Iron deficiency
• Hemorrhage: uncontrolled bleeding– Hemophila
• Reduced hemoglobin
• Low erythropoietin
• Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle Cell Anemia
Hemophilia
• Inherited Disease
• Blood Clotting Disorder
• Affects males more than females
Blood Types & Membrane Glycoproteins
First! You need a basic idea of “antibodies and antigens” as it
relates to blood types for this section.
The binding of antibodies to antigens leads to agglutination
or blood clotting.
Mismatched Blood Types:Basis of agglutination
Are there other glycoproteins on the surface of RBC’s?
Yes! The Rh Factor
• Rh stands for Rhesus (monkeys)
Rh factor
• A person can be Rh negative
• Or
• A person can be Rh positive
Importance of Rh factor
• Rh antigen may pose a problem with pregnancy
Why?
Rh factor and Pregnancy
Mother Child 1 Agglutination
Of child’s 1 blood
Child 2
Agglutination
Of child’s 2 blood
Rh+ Rh+ No Rh+ No
Rh- Rh- No Rh- No
Rh+ Rh- No Rh- No
Rh- Rh+ No Rh+ Yes
Ch. 7 The End
Simulated Blood Typing Lab
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D
The mixing step: Blood + Antiserum
+
+
+
Drop of Blood Plastic “Dish”
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D
Mix the single drop of blood with anti-serum (use a toothpick for mixing)
Examples of results:
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D
Type A, Rh negative
Type A
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D
Type B, Rh positive
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D
Type AB, Rh negative
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-D
Type O, Rh positive