Biomass_heating_domestic_sector

Short-term perspectives of bioenergy use in the European domestic heating sector

ITEBE, ITEBE, BioenergyBioenergy InstituteInstitute, France, FranceFrédéric DOUARD, director

First International Bioenergy CongresoValladolid, 20th October 2006

Main need of theMain need of theconcerned usersconcerned users

Who is concerned by Who is concerned by

domestic biomass domestic biomass

heating offer ?heating offer ?

●● Historically, Historically, farmers, forest owners, wood workers and rural farmers, forest owners, wood workers and rural

peoplepeople because of their activity, closeness of the resource and because of their activity, closeness of the resource and

economic reasonseconomic reasons

●● For some decencies For some decencies suburban inhabitantssuburban inhabitants in single houses in single houses

because quality of lifebecause quality of life

●● Starting 20 years ago,Starting 20 years ago, very small scale public or collectivevery small scale public or collective users users

because economic and local development reasonsbecause economic and local development reasons

●● For some years, For some years, People in flatsPeople in flats with compacted fuels (briquettes & with compacted fuels (briquettes &

pellets) because economic & environmental reasons (Kyoto pellets) because economic & environmental reasons (Kyoto

generation)generation)

What is expected by the users from What is expected by the users from

biomass heating offer ?biomass heating offer ?

●● Economic fuel supplyEconomic fuel supply

●● Comfortable system giving regular and Comfortable system giving regular and

flexible heatingflexible heating

●● Heating supply during work timeHeating supply during work time

●● Good comfort of use : low handling Good comfort of use : low handling

and cleaning tasksand cleaning tasks

●● Warm ambiance and aesthetics in the Warm ambiance and aesthetics in the

living spaceliving space

●● Limited space consumed by the Limited space consumed by the

appliance and the storageappliance and the storage

●● Low investment costsLow investment costs

●● Low working costsLow working costs

●● Environment friendlyEnvironment friendly

●● Supply securitySupply security

●● No danger, especially house fireNo danger, especially house fire

●● AfterAfter--sales servicesales service

And still moreAnd still more……

Averages of need in the sectorAverages of need in the sector

10 to 20 tons10 to 20 kWA 200m2 single house

6 to 12 tons6 to 12 kWA 120m2 single house

4 to 8 tons4 to 8 kW A 80m2 flat

3 to 5 tons3 to 5 kWA 50m2 single room

Annualconsumption

Heatingpower

Need levels

BioenergyBioenergy: which fuels: which fuels

for domestic heating ?for domestic heating ?

Raw biomass fuelsRaw biomass fuels

Firewood

Wood chips

Cereals

Dry agriculture residues:

straw, vine shoot, nutshell,…

Manufactured biomass fuelsManufactured biomass fuels

Briquettes

Pellets

Pure vegetable oil

•• To cook food: To cook food:

–– > barbecues, oven, cookers> barbecues, oven, cookers

•• To procure friendliness: To procure friendliness:

–– > open fireplaces> open fireplaces

•• To heat rooms or small houses: To heat rooms or small houses:

–– > stoves, closed fireplaces> stoves, closed fireplaces

•• To heat full houses: To heat full houses:

–– > boilers> boilers

Required technologiesRequired technologies

Overview of technologies:

barbecues, oven, cookersbarbecues, oven, cookers

using logs and briquettesusing logs and briquettes

A market of some hundreds thousands pieces per year, renewed byA market of some hundreds thousands pieces per year, renewed by

modern combustion technologies and some automatics developments modern combustion technologies and some automatics developments

Overview of technologies:

open fireplaces using logsopen fireplaces using logs

Still a large market in Latin countries and especially Still a large market in Latin countries and especially

in France but more for distraction than heatingin France but more for distraction than heating

Overview of technologies:

stoves & closed fireplacesstoves & closed fireplaces

using logs, briquettes & pelletsusing logs, briquettes & pellets

Booming for 10 years with Scandinavian and Italian design, a comBooming for 10 years with Scandinavian and Italian design, a combinationbination

of aesthetics and good efficiency : the main part of the domestiof aesthetics and good efficiency : the main part of the domestic marketc market

Overview of technologies:

boilers for logs, pellets and chipsboilers for logs, pellets and chips

Traditionally a market important in centre and east of Europe, wTraditionally a market important in centre and east of Europe, which hich

After a long time of decrease coming back with pellets systemsAfter a long time of decrease coming back with pellets systems

and dominated by Austrian technologyand dominated by Austrian technology

Overview of technologies:

the last one arrived on the market the last one arrived on the market

using cereals or pure vegetable oilusing cereals or pure vegetable oil

Corn, wheat and rapeseed oil appeared for some years, without prCorn, wheat and rapeseed oil appeared for some years, without preparation,eparation,

at users own initiative: a sector to organise and to regulate.at users own initiative: a sector to organise and to regulate.

Overview of technologies:

combinations with other technologies combinations with other technologies

Associate a pellet stove or boiler with solar technology, connecAssociate a pellet stove or boiler with solar technology, connect your houset your house

to a biomass energy district heating, or use multi fuels boilersto a biomass energy district heating, or use multi fuels boilers

Overview of efficiency of the appliancesOverview of efficiency of the appliances

40 – 80 %3 - 15 kWLog stoves

75 - 85 %15 – 100 kW Wood chips boilers

80 – 85 %15 – 100 kWVegetable oil boilers

EfficiencyEfficiencyPowerPowerTechnologyTechnology

75 – 100 %3 -100 kWPellet boilers

40 – 85 %15 – 100 kWManual boilers

70 – 85 %3 - 15 kWPellets or grain stoves

40 – 70 %3 - 15 kWClosed fireplaces

Negative – 25 %3 - 25 kWOpen fireplaces

Main technical Main technical shortshort--term trends term trends

Automation of the appliancesAutomation of the appliances

Fuel feeding, Fuel feeding,

regulation, regulation,

ash & dust cleaningash & dust cleaning

Coming on of high technologyComing on of high technology

Four examplesFour examples••Up to 100 % efficiency withUp to 100 % efficiency withcondensation on pellet boilercondensation on pellet boiler••Up to 90 % for log boilersUp to 90 % for log boilerswith post combustion vortexwith post combustion vortex••Oxygen on air regulation forOxygen on air regulation forsmall wood chips boilerssmall wood chips boilers••Mobile phone remote control Mobile phone remote control for Pellet stoves.for Pellet stoves.

Aesthetics Austrian people say, Aesthetics Austrian people say, biomass must be sexybiomass must be sexy

Industrialisation of the fuel productionIndustrialisation of the fuel production

Main economicMain economicshortshort--term trendsterm trends

Energy prices increasingEnergy prices increasing

Booming of the market since end 2004Booming of the market since end 2004

Fast Fast increasingincreasingof the number of of the number of suppliers.suppliers.Example of Example of pellets : pellets : 70 producers in 70 producers in 2003 & more 2003 & more than 300 todaythan 300 today

GlobalisationGlobalisation

For appliances & for fuels, For appliances & for fuels,

developing country start to play in the gamedeveloping country start to play in the game

Example of France : 10 million Toe /year

The domestic market stays The domestic market stays the main market of biomassthe main market of biomass

Domestic

heating

District

heating

Industry

heating

85% for heatingheating and

15% for electricityelectricity productionproduction

Market : share of wood within

renewable energies

� Without passive solar which is

not quantifiable, wood energy is the

first renewable energyfirst renewable energy used in

Europe with 51% of the primary

renewable energy consumption

WoodBiogas & liquid

Solar & wind

Hydraulic

Geothermics

Renewable heat produced in 2002 in the EU15 : 42 Mtoe, Biomass stays a fuel for heating

Biomass Geothermal Thermal solar

EUROSTAT

Biomass heat rate in the Biomass heat rate in the renewable heat marketrenewable heat market

Biomass 97%

Forest resource : 32% of the net annual increment of the

workable 25-EU forest is not harvested :

we can double the wood energy use from European

forests ! About energy crops capacities, the

development margin will depend of political decisions

of share of the surfaces with food production

Source : Finnish Forest Research Institute

45 M Toe

Conclusion :Conclusion :start to consider biomass energy start to consider biomass energy

as a normal thingas a normal thing againagainfor the domestic heating sector !for the domestic heating sector !

Children consider already it normal, why not adults ?Children consider already it normal, why not adults ?