Short-term perspectives of bioenergy use in the European domestic heating sector ITEBE, ITEBE, Bioenergy Bioenergy Institute Institute , France , France Frédéric DOUARD, director First International Bioenergy Congreso Valladolid, 20 th October 2006
Mar 10, 2016
Short-term perspectives of bioenergy use in the European domestic heating sector
ITEBE, ITEBE, BioenergyBioenergy InstituteInstitute, France, FranceFrédéric DOUARD, director
First International Bioenergy CongresoValladolid, 20th October 2006
Main need of theMain need of theconcerned usersconcerned users
Who is concerned by Who is concerned by
domestic biomass domestic biomass
heating offer ?heating offer ?
●● Historically, Historically, farmers, forest owners, wood workers and rural farmers, forest owners, wood workers and rural
peoplepeople because of their activity, closeness of the resource and because of their activity, closeness of the resource and
economic reasonseconomic reasons
●● For some decencies For some decencies suburban inhabitantssuburban inhabitants in single houses in single houses
because quality of lifebecause quality of life
●● Starting 20 years ago,Starting 20 years ago, very small scale public or collectivevery small scale public or collective users users
because economic and local development reasonsbecause economic and local development reasons
●● For some years, For some years, People in flatsPeople in flats with compacted fuels (briquettes & with compacted fuels (briquettes &
pellets) because economic & environmental reasons (Kyoto pellets) because economic & environmental reasons (Kyoto
generation)generation)
What is expected by the users from What is expected by the users from
biomass heating offer ?biomass heating offer ?
●● Economic fuel supplyEconomic fuel supply
●● Comfortable system giving regular and Comfortable system giving regular and
flexible heatingflexible heating
●● Heating supply during work timeHeating supply during work time
●● Good comfort of use : low handling Good comfort of use : low handling
and cleaning tasksand cleaning tasks
●● Warm ambiance and aesthetics in the Warm ambiance and aesthetics in the
living spaceliving space
●● Limited space consumed by the Limited space consumed by the
appliance and the storageappliance and the storage
●● Low investment costsLow investment costs
●● Low working costsLow working costs
●● Environment friendlyEnvironment friendly
●● Supply securitySupply security
●● No danger, especially house fireNo danger, especially house fire
●● AfterAfter--sales servicesales service
And still moreAnd still more……
Averages of need in the sectorAverages of need in the sector
10 to 20 tons10 to 20 kWA 200m2 single house
6 to 12 tons6 to 12 kWA 120m2 single house
4 to 8 tons4 to 8 kW A 80m2 flat
3 to 5 tons3 to 5 kWA 50m2 single room
Annualconsumption
Heatingpower
Need levels
BioenergyBioenergy: which fuels: which fuels
for domestic heating ?for domestic heating ?
Raw biomass fuelsRaw biomass fuels
Firewood
Wood chips
Cereals
Dry agriculture residues:
straw, vine shoot, nutshell,…
Manufactured biomass fuelsManufactured biomass fuels
Briquettes
Pellets
Pure vegetable oil
•• To cook food: To cook food:
–– > barbecues, oven, cookers> barbecues, oven, cookers
•• To procure friendliness: To procure friendliness:
–– > open fireplaces> open fireplaces
•• To heat rooms or small houses: To heat rooms or small houses:
–– > stoves, closed fireplaces> stoves, closed fireplaces
•• To heat full houses: To heat full houses:
–– > boilers> boilers
Required technologiesRequired technologies
Overview of technologies:
barbecues, oven, cookersbarbecues, oven, cookers
using logs and briquettesusing logs and briquettes
A market of some hundreds thousands pieces per year, renewed byA market of some hundreds thousands pieces per year, renewed by
modern combustion technologies and some automatics developments modern combustion technologies and some automatics developments
Overview of technologies:
open fireplaces using logsopen fireplaces using logs
Still a large market in Latin countries and especially Still a large market in Latin countries and especially
in France but more for distraction than heatingin France but more for distraction than heating
Overview of technologies:
stoves & closed fireplacesstoves & closed fireplaces
using logs, briquettes & pelletsusing logs, briquettes & pellets
Booming for 10 years with Scandinavian and Italian design, a comBooming for 10 years with Scandinavian and Italian design, a combinationbination
of aesthetics and good efficiency : the main part of the domestiof aesthetics and good efficiency : the main part of the domestic marketc market
Overview of technologies:
boilers for logs, pellets and chipsboilers for logs, pellets and chips
Traditionally a market important in centre and east of Europe, wTraditionally a market important in centre and east of Europe, which hich
After a long time of decrease coming back with pellets systemsAfter a long time of decrease coming back with pellets systems
and dominated by Austrian technologyand dominated by Austrian technology
Overview of technologies:
the last one arrived on the market the last one arrived on the market
using cereals or pure vegetable oilusing cereals or pure vegetable oil
Corn, wheat and rapeseed oil appeared for some years, without prCorn, wheat and rapeseed oil appeared for some years, without preparation,eparation,
at users own initiative: a sector to organise and to regulate.at users own initiative: a sector to organise and to regulate.
Overview of technologies:
combinations with other technologies combinations with other technologies
Associate a pellet stove or boiler with solar technology, connecAssociate a pellet stove or boiler with solar technology, connect your houset your house
to a biomass energy district heating, or use multi fuels boilersto a biomass energy district heating, or use multi fuels boilers
Overview of efficiency of the appliancesOverview of efficiency of the appliances
40 – 80 %3 - 15 kWLog stoves
75 - 85 %15 – 100 kW Wood chips boilers
80 – 85 %15 – 100 kWVegetable oil boilers
EfficiencyEfficiencyPowerPowerTechnologyTechnology
75 – 100 %3 -100 kWPellet boilers
40 – 85 %15 – 100 kWManual boilers
70 – 85 %3 - 15 kWPellets or grain stoves
40 – 70 %3 - 15 kWClosed fireplaces
Negative – 25 %3 - 25 kWOpen fireplaces
Main technical Main technical shortshort--term trends term trends
Automation of the appliancesAutomation of the appliances
Fuel feeding, Fuel feeding,
regulation, regulation,
ash & dust cleaningash & dust cleaning
Coming on of high technologyComing on of high technology
Four examplesFour examples••Up to 100 % efficiency withUp to 100 % efficiency withcondensation on pellet boilercondensation on pellet boiler••Up to 90 % for log boilersUp to 90 % for log boilerswith post combustion vortexwith post combustion vortex••Oxygen on air regulation forOxygen on air regulation forsmall wood chips boilerssmall wood chips boilers••Mobile phone remote control Mobile phone remote control for Pellet stoves.for Pellet stoves.
Aesthetics Austrian people say, Aesthetics Austrian people say, biomass must be sexybiomass must be sexy
Industrialisation of the fuel productionIndustrialisation of the fuel production
Main economicMain economicshortshort--term trendsterm trends
Energy prices increasingEnergy prices increasing
Booming of the market since end 2004Booming of the market since end 2004
Fast Fast increasingincreasingof the number of of the number of suppliers.suppliers.Example of Example of pellets : pellets : 70 producers in 70 producers in 2003 & more 2003 & more than 300 todaythan 300 today
GlobalisationGlobalisation
For appliances & for fuels, For appliances & for fuels,
developing country start to play in the gamedeveloping country start to play in the game
Example of France : 10 million Toe /year
The domestic market stays The domestic market stays the main market of biomassthe main market of biomass
Domestic
heating
District
heating
Industry
heating
85% for heatingheating and
15% for electricityelectricity productionproduction
Market : share of wood within
renewable energies
� Without passive solar which is
not quantifiable, wood energy is the
first renewable energyfirst renewable energy used in
Europe with 51% of the primary
renewable energy consumption
WoodBiogas & liquid
Solar & wind
Hydraulic
Geothermics
Renewable heat produced in 2002 in the EU15 : 42 Mtoe, Biomass stays a fuel for heating
Biomass Geothermal Thermal solar
EUROSTAT
Biomass heat rate in the Biomass heat rate in the renewable heat marketrenewable heat market
Biomass 97%
Forest resource : 32% of the net annual increment of the
workable 25-EU forest is not harvested :
we can double the wood energy use from European
forests ! About energy crops capacities, the
development margin will depend of political decisions
of share of the surfaces with food production
Source : Finnish Forest Research Institute
45 M Toe
Conclusion :Conclusion :start to consider biomass energy start to consider biomass energy
as a normal thingas a normal thing againagainfor the domestic heating sector !for the domestic heating sector !
Children consider already it normal, why not adults ?Children consider already it normal, why not adults ?